Development of improved platelock for Mariner type sealed AgO-Zn cells, part 2, 20 August 1968 - 10 January 1969

Silver zinc battery with improved platelock for sealed Mariner cell

Storage battery comprising negative plates of a wedge shaped configuration

An improved silver-zinc battery particularly suited for use in an environment where battery operation is subjected to multiple charge/discharge cycling over extended periods is described. The battery seperator system, containing a highly absorbent material continguous with the surfaces of the plates and multiple semi-permeable membranes interposed between the plates, is also characterized

Grainyhead-like 2 Reverses the Metabolic Changes Induced by the Oncogenic Epithelialmesenchymal Transition: Effects on Anoikis

When deprived of connections to their extracellular matrix, normal epithelial cells trigger a process of programmed cell death referred to as anoikis. The transcriptional reprogramming event known as Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers anoikis resistance and ultimately, increased metastatic potential. Distant metastatic disease contributes to the majority of deaths occurring in many cancer types, especially those originating in breast tissue. The ability to metastasize depends critically upon a cancer cell\u27s ability to evade anoikis. Heterogeneity of tumors containing anoikis, therapy resistant populations likely explains the tendency of disease to reappear in distant locations after a period of apparent remission. The wound healing transcription factor, Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2), has been previously demonstrated to play an indispensable role in the maintenance of the epithelial phenotype through both suppression of EMT and promotion of the reciprocal event, Mesenchymal-Epithelial transition (MET), accompanied by suppression of the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype and re-sensitization to anoikis. Loss of GRHL2 expression is associated with aggressive, metastatic breast tumor types such as claudin low and basal B subclasses of tumor cell lines. Specifically, GRHL2 expression is lost in the cancer stem cell-like compartment of tumors characterized by their enrichment in the CD44hi/CD24low cell population and an EMT phenotype. Constitutive expression of the epithelial enforcer GRHL2 results in increased anoikis sensitivity as well as reduction in tumor initiating frequency. Here, the effects of GRHL2 upon intracellular metabolism in the context of reversion of the EMT/CSC phenotype, with a view toward understanding how these effects promote anoikis sensitivity were investigated. EMT resulted in enhanced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. While this was accompanied by higher accumulation of superoxide, the overall level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) declined, due to decreased hydrogen peroxide. Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) expression increased in EMT, and this increase, via the product alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG), was important for suppressing hydrogen peroxide and protecting against anoikis. GRHL2 suppressed GLUD1 gene expression, decreased alpha-KG, increased ROS and sensitized cells to anoikis. These results demonstrate a mechanistic role for GRHL2 in promoting anoikis through metabolic alterations

ECONOMICS OF ALTERNATIVE BEEF CATTLE GENOTYPE AND MANAGEMENT/MARKETING SYSTEMS

Livestock Production/Industries,

THE DEMAND FOR WHOLESALE BEEF CUTS BY SEASON AND TREND

This study estimates demand during the 1980-90 period for wholesale beef cuts by season and by trend. A data set containing monthly nominal prices for wholesale cuts and average choice boxed beef from January 1980 to December 1990 was collected from multiple sources. The approach expressed the change in demand for wholesale cuts as the change in the price ratio of individual cuts relative to the price of boxed beef. This approach shows changes in amount by season and over time relative to the average wholesale cut. Brisket, Armbone Chuck, Bottom Gooseneck, and Knuckle showed the strongest demand in winter and lowest in summer. Top (Inside) Round had a clear downward trend in demand, but the seasonal pattern was less pronounced and more erratic than the lower-priced cuts. Top Sirloin Butt had its highest demand in spring and summer with November-December being the lowest period. Strip Loin had the strongest warm season demand during the period which contains Memorial Day. Ribeye experienced a seasonal demand highest in November-December and lowest in January to April. Full Tenderloin was the most expensive wholesale beef cut analyzed in the study, and its demand was highest in November-December. The study clearly showed that a change in seasonal demand was responsible for the major part of price ratio fluctuations for individual wholesale cuts.Demand and Price Analysis,

High cycle life sealed silver oxide-zinc cell development Final report, 14 Feb. 1969 - 20 Jun. 1970

Developing sealed silver-zinc cell for power supply on interplanetary spacecraf

Variability in infants' functional brain network connectivity is associated with differences in affect and behavior

Variability in functional brain network connectivity has been linked to individual differences in cognitive, affective, and behavioral traits in adults. However, little is known about the developmental origins of such brain-behavior correlations. The current study examined functional brain network connectivity and its link to behavioral temperament in typically developing newborn and 1-month-old infants (M [age] = 25 days; N = 75) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Specifically, we measured long-range connectivity between cortical regions approximating fronto-parietal, default mode, and homologous-interhemispheric networks. Our results show that connectivity in these functional brain networks varies across infants and maps onto individual differences in behavioral temperament. Specifically, connectivity in the fronto-parietal network was positively associated with regulation and orienting behaviors, whereas connectivity in the default mode network showed the opposite effect on these behaviors. Our analysis also revealed a significant positive association between the homologous-interhemispheric network and infants' negative affect. The current results suggest that variability in long-range intra-hemispheric and cross-hemispheric functional connectivity between frontal, parietal, and temporal cortex is associated with individual differences in affect and behavior. These findings shed new light on the brain origins of individual differences in early-emerging behavioral traits and thus represent a viable novel approach for investigating developmental trajectories in typical and atypical neurodevelopment