MODELING AND CONTROL OF AN AUTOREFRIGERATED CSTR POLYMERIZATION REACTOR: IMPACT OF THE NON-CONDENSABLE GASES

The concept of process intensification is applied to a CSTR polymerization reactor, where bulk reactions take place via styrene free-radicals, connected to a semi-flooded horizontal condenser; the aim is to operate the system in a safe and efficient way. The results obtained show that the developed model was able to reproduce the major dynamic characteristics, even with the presence of non-condensable gases. The existence of such gases prevents the reactor from ever reaching a steady-state, as they accumulate in the system, increasing the condenser pressure and the reactor temperature and reducing the contact area and the mass of liquid in the condenser. To overcome this problem, the control strategy of this work proposes a regular purge of the condenser gases in order to avoid a collapse of the system. In this context, different control algorithms were also analyzed and it was concluded that a fast and reliable control of the reactor is only possible when advanced controllers are used

Preferência de Bemisia tabaci, biótipo B (Hemiptera: aleyrodidae) a genótipos de soja.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a preferência de B. tabaci a 18 genótipos de soja com chance de escolha, em condições de casa de vegetação. Os genótipos avaliados foram: BRI 04-01668, BRI 04-01685, BRI 04-02770, BRI 04-02855, BRI 04-02935, BRI 04-02983, BRS 7860RR, BRS Barreira, BRS Gisele RR, BRS Juliana, BRS Valiosa RR, BRSGO 7960, BRSGO 8060, CD219, CD 215, Emgopa 302RR, IAC 17 e IAC 19. Os materiais com menores infestações de ovos e ninfas foram: BRI 04-01668, BRI 04-01685, BRI 04-02770 e IAC 17 (padrão de resistência) e os mais infestados foram BRS Juliana RR e Emgopa 302RR Os genótipos BRS 7860RR e BRSGO 8060 apresentaram o mesmo perfil de não preferência que IAC19 (padrão de resistência)

Diurnal Variation in Forage Nutrient Composition and Metabolic Parameters of Horses Grazing Warm-Season, Perennial Grass-Legume Mixed Pastures

Although warm-season, grass-legume mixed pastures have improved nutritive value and may reduce negative environmental impacts relative to nitrogen-fertilized grass monocultures, no study has been done to evaluate their effect on diurnal variation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and other nutrients, and on the metabolic responses observed in horses’ blood and fecal samples. This 2-yr study aimed to investigate the circadian variation in nutrient composition and the fecal and blood metabolic responses in horses grazing these pastures. Forage, fecal, and blood samples were collected every 28 days at 0600, 1200, 1800, and 0000 h, in two years, for measurement of diurnal variation in forage nutrient composition and fecal and blood metabolites. Forage nutrient composition was affected by time of the day, with digestible energy (DE) and NSC increasing at 1800 h, crude protein decreasing after 1200 h and the fiber components increasing at 1200 h. Fecal lactate and blood insulin were also affected by time of the day. Fecal lactate increased from 0600 to 1200 h. Insulin levels were greater at 1800 than at 0600 h. The increased insulin level followed the increased concentration of NSC in the forage. In conclusion, warm-season, grass-legume mixed pastures show a diurnal pattern in forage nutrient composition, with increased NSC later in the afternoon. However, the metabolic responses observed in this study were not sufficient to predispose horses to metabolic dysregulation. The results also indicate that restricting grazing to the morning may reduce the forage nutritive value, with decreased concentration of DE and increased concentrations of the fiber components, which may decrease diet digestibility

Herbage Responses and Performance of Mature Horses Grazing Warm-Season Perennial Grass-Legume Mixed Pastures

Legume-grass mixtures may be a useful alternative to nitrogen-fertilized grass monocultures, but pasture and animal responses have not been assessed for pastures grazed by horses in Florida. This 2-yr study compared pasture and horse responses of continuously stocked, mixed pastures of rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata Benth) and bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum Flüggé) receiving 30 kg nitrogen (N)/ha (RP-BG) compared with BG pastures fertilized with 120 kg/N ha (BG-N) or with no N (BG-No N). Herbage mass was similar among treatments in 2020 and for most evaluation days in 2019. In 2019, stocking rate (AU/ha) was greater in BG-N (3.9) than in RP-BG (3.7) and BG-No N (3.1). In 2020, BG-No N (2.6) had the lesser stocking rate compared with BG-N (2.9) and RP-BG (2.9), with RP-BG not differing from BG-N. Herbage crude protein (CP) and digestible energy were similar across treatments in 2020, but they were greater for BG-N and RP-BG than BG-No N at some evaluation days in 2019. Except for CP, treatment did not affect nutrient digestibility by horses. Digestibility of CP was greatest for RP-BG in the late season. In the RP-BG treatment, proportion of RP in the pasture (~29%) was not affected by sampling date, and RP comprised 18.4% of the diet. Nonetheless, no differences were observed among treatments for body weight and condition score. The results indicate that intercropping legumes into warm-season perennial pastures can improve some measures of nutritive value and maintain horses’ body condition with similar stocking rate as N-fertilized bahiagrass pastures, while contributing to development of sustainable grazing systems for horses with reduced off-farm nitrogen inputs

A combined approach for comparative exoproteome analysis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Background: Bacterial exported proteins represent key components of the host-pathogen interplay. Hence, we sought to implement a combined approach for characterizing the entire exoproteome of the pathogenic bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in sheep and goats. Results: An optimized protocol of three-phase partitioning (TPP) was used to obtain the C. pseudotuberculosis exoproteins, and a newly introduced method of data-independent MS acquisition (LC-MSE) was employed for protein identification and label-free quantification. Additionally, the recently developed tool SurfG+ was used for in silico prediction of sub-cellular localization of the identified proteins. In total, 93 different extracellular proteins of C. pseudotuberculosis were identified with high confidence by this strategy; 44 proteins were commonly identified in two different strains, isolated from distinct hosts, then composing a core C. pseudotuberculosis exoproteome. Analysis with the SurfG+ tool showed that more than 75% (70/93) of the identified proteins could be predicted as containing signals for active exportation. Moreover, evidence could be found for probable non-classical export of most of the remaining proteins. Conclusions: Comparative analyses of the exoproteomes of two C. pseudotuberculosis strains, in addition to comparison with other experimentally determined corynebacterial exoproteomes, were helpful to gain novel insights into the contribution of the exported proteins in the virulence of this bacterium. The results presented here compose the most comprehensive coverage of the exoproteome of a corynebacterial species so far

Avaliação da qualidade da água de poços freáticos de uma área do estuário do Rio Vaza Barris.

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