1,210 research outputs found
Transnational reflections on transnational research projects on men, boys and gender relations
This article reflects on the research project, âEngaging South African and Finnish youth towards new traditions of non-violence, equality and social well-beingâ, funded by the Finnish and South African national research councils, in the context of wider debates on research, projects and transnational processes. The project is located within a broader analysis of research projects and projectization (the reduction of research to separate projects), and the increasing tendencies for research to be framed within and as projects, with their own specific temporal and organizational characteristics. This approach is developed further in terms of different understandings of research across borders: international, comparative, multinational and transnational. Special attention is given to differences between research projects that are in the Europe and the EU, and projects that are between the global North and the global South. The theoretical, political and practical challenges of the North-South research project are discussed
Mechanical control of spin-orbit splitting in GaAs and InGaAs epilayers
Time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy as a function of pump-probe
distance, voltage and magnetic field is used to measure the momentum-dependent
spin splitting energies in GaAs and InGaAs epilayers. The strain of the samples
can be reproducibly controlled in the cryostat using three- and four-point
bending applied with a mechanical vise. We find that the magnitude of the spin
splitting increases linearly with applied tension and voltage. A strain-drift
diffusion model is used to relate the magnitude of the measured spin-orbit
splitting to the amount of strain in the sample.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Adverse events in radiation oncology: A case series from wake up safe, the pediatric anesthesia quality improvement initiative
BackgroundRadiation therapy in pediatric patients often requires anesthesia and poses environmental challenges. Monitoring must be done remotely to limit radiation exposure to the provider. Airway access can be limited by masks or frames. Care is often delivered in relatively inaccessible locations in the hospital. While individual institutions have reported their outcomes, this case series aims to review a multicenter registry of significant adverse events and make recommendations for improved care.MethodsWake Up Safe: The Pediatric Quality Improvement Initiative maintains a multisite, voluntary registry of pediatric perianesthetic significant adverse events. This was queried for reports from radiation oncology from January 1, 2010 to May 10, 2018. The database contained 3,379 significant adverse events from approximately 3.3 million anesthetics. All 33 institutions submitted data on a standardized form to a central data repository (Axio Research, Seattle Washington). Prior to each significant adverse events case submission, three anesthesiologists who were not involved in the event analyzed the event using a standardized root cause analysis method to identify the causal or contributing factor(s).ResultsSix significant adverse events were identified. In three, incorrect programming of a propofol infusion resulted in overdose. In case one, the 3Ăą yearĂą old female became hypotensive, requiring vasopressors and volume resuscitation. In the second, the 2Ăą yearĂą old female experienced airway obstruction and apnea requiring chin lift. In case three, the child suffered no consequences despite a noted overdose of propofol infusion. In case four, a 2Ăą yearĂą old female with recent respiratory infection suffered laryngospasm during an unmonitored transport to the recovery area. She developed profound oxygen desaturation with bradycardia treated with succinylcholine and chest compressions. In case five, a 6Ăą yearĂą old former premature child suffered laryngospasm at the conclusion of mask creation under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway. The radiation mask delayed recognition of copious secretions. Finally, in case six, a 6Ăą yearĂą old undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery in a head halo suffered bronchospasm and unintended extubation during therapy which required multiple attempts at reintubation by multiple providers ultimately requiring cancellation of the treatment and transport to the intensive care unit.ConclusionThere were few radiation oncology significant adverse events, but analysis has led to the identification of several specific opportunities for improvement in pediatric anesthesia for radiation oncology.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148238/1/pan13567_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148238/2/pan13567.pd
Chandra Observations of Extended X-ray Emission in Arp 220
We resolve the extended X-ray emission from the prototypical ultraluminous
infrared galaxy Arp 220. Extended, faint edge-brightened, soft X-ray lobes
outside the optical galaxy are observed to a distance of 10 to 15 kpc on each
side of the nuclear region. Bright plumes inside the optical isophotes coincide
with the optical line emission and extend 11 kpc from end to end across the
nucleus. The data for the plumes cannot be fit by a single temperature plasma,
and display a range of temperatures from 0.2 to 1 keV. The plumes emerge from
bright, diffuse circumnuclear emission in the inner 3 kpc centered on the
Halpha peak, which is displaced from the radio nuclei. There is a close
morphological correspondence between the Halpha and soft X-ray emission on all
spatial scales. We interpret the plumes as a starburst-driven superwind, and
discuss two interpretations of the emission from the lobes in the context of
simulations of the merger dynamics of Arp 220.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ; see also astro-ph/0208477 (Paper 1
On the Symmetries of the Edgar-Ludwig Metric
The conformal Killing equations for the most general (non-plane wave)
conformally flat pure radiation field are solved to find the conformal Killing
vectors. As expected fifteen independent conformal Killing vectors exist, but
in general the metric admits no Killing or homothetic vectors. However for
certain special cases a one-dimensional group of homotheties or motions may
exist and in one very special case, overlooked by previous investigators, a
two-dimensional homethety group exists. No higher dimensional groups of motions
or homotheties are admitted by these metrics.Comment: Plain TeX, 7 pages, No figure
Maxwell's theory on a post-Riemannian spacetime and the equivalence principle
The form of Maxwell's theory is well known in the framework of general
relativity, a fact that is related to the applicability of the principle of
equivalence to electromagnetic phenomena. We pose the question whether this
form changes if torsion and/or nonmetricity fields are allowed for in
spacetime. Starting from the conservation laws of electric charge and magnetic
flux, we recognize that the Maxwell equations themselves remain the same, but
the constitutive law must depend on the metric and, additionally, may depend on
quantities related to torsion and/or nonmetricity. We illustrate our results by
putting an electric charge on top of a spherically symmetric exact solution of
the metric-affine gauge theory of gravity (comprising torsion and
nonmetricity). All this is compared to the recent results of Vandyck.Comment: 9 pages, REVTeX, no figures; minor changes, version to be published
in Class. Quantum Gra
ELF3 controls thermoresponsive growth in Arabidopsis
Plant development is highly responsive to ambient temperature, and this trait has been linked to the ability of plants to adapt to climate change [1]. The mechanisms by which natural populations modulate their thermoresponsiveness are not known [2]. To address this, we surveyed Arabidopsis accessions for variation in thermal responsiveness of elongation growth and mapped the corresponding loci. We find that the transcriptional regulator EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) controls elongation growth in response to temperature. Through a combination of modeling and experiments, we show that high temperature relieves the gating of growth at night, highlighting the importance of temperature-dependent repressors of growth. ELF3 gating of transcriptional targets responds rapidly and reversibly to changes in temperature. We show that the binding of ELF3 to target promoters is temperature dependent, suggesting a mechanism where temperature directly controls ELF3 activity
Volterra Distortions, Spinning Strings, and Cosmic Defects
Cosmic strings, as topological spacetime defects, show striking resemblance
to defects in solid continua: distortions, which can be classified into
disclinations and dislocations, are line-like defects characterized by a delta
function-valued curvature and torsion distribution giving rise to rotational
and translational holonomy. We exploit this analogy and investigate how
distortions can be adapted in a systematic manner from solid state systems to
Einstein-Cartan gravity. As distortions are efficiently described within the
framework of a SO(3) {\rlap{\supset}\times}} T(3) gauge theory of solid
continua with line defects, we are led in a straightforward way to a Poincar\'e
gauge approach to gravity which is a natural framework for introducing the
notion of distorted spacetimes. Constructing all ten possible distorted
spacetimes, we recover, inter alia, the well-known exterior spacetime of a
spin-polarized cosmic string as a special case of such a geometry. In a second
step, we search for matter distributions which, in Einstein-Cartan gravity, act
as sources of distorted spacetimes. The resulting solutions, appropriately
matched to the distorted vacua, are cylindrically symmetric and are interpreted
as spin-polarized cosmic strings and cosmic dislocations.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX, 9 eps figures; remarks on energy conditions added,
discussion extended, version to be published in Class. Quantum Gra
Beyond Einstein-Cartan gravity: Quadratic torsion and curvature invariants with even and odd parity including all boundary terms
Recently, gravitational gauge theories with torsion have been discussed by an
increasing number of authors from a classical as well as from a quantum field
theoretical point of view. The Einstein-Cartan(-Sciama-Kibble) Lagrangian has
been enriched by the parity odd pseudoscalar curvature (Hojman, Mukku, and
Sayed) and by torsion square and curvature square pieces, likewise of even and
odd parity. (i) We show that the inverse of the so-called Barbero-Immirzi
parameter multiplying the pseudoscalar curvature, because of the topological
Nieh-Yan form, can only be appropriately discussed if torsion square pieces are
included. (ii) The quadratic gauge Lagrangian with both parities, proposed by
Obukhov et al. and Baekler et al., emerges also in the framework of Diakonov et
al.(2011). We establish the exact relations between both approaches by applying
the topological Euler and Pontryagin forms in a Riemann-Cartan space expressed
for the first time in terms of irreducible pieces of the curvature tensor.
(iii) Only in a Riemann-Cartan spacetime, that is, in a spacetime with torsion,
parity violating terms can be brought into the gravitational Lagrangian in a
straightforward and natural way. Accordingly, Riemann-Cartan spacetime is a
natural habitat for chiral fermionic matter fields.Comment: 12 page latex, as version 2 an old file was submitted by mistake,
this is now the real corrected fil
A Review of Web-Based Job Advertisements for Australian Event Management Positions
Strong growths in the Australian event management industry, ongoing technological changes and the internationalisation of the market place has spurred the need for appropriately educated and trained event managers and for a re-evaluation of educational and job training curriculum to meet these new challenges. In order for Australia to position itself as a world leader in event management, it is important to provide consistent high professional standards and event managers that not only meet, but exceed the demands of the industry. While there is some literature that focuses on the tourism and leisure job market (Crossley, 1992; Keung & Pine, 2000), and a small but developing literature base that focuses on event management training (Harris & Jago, 1999; Hawkins & Goldbatt, 1995) relatively little consideration has been given to a national agenda for event management skilling. To provide an indication of current employer requirements, a nationwide study of job advertisements in event management has commenced. The aims of the study are to further the understanding of the educational needs and training requirements of the industry; to ascertain the learned skills and personal attributes sought from event managers; to determine the compatibility of industry demands with current educational and vocational provisions; and to suggest post-secondary institutional avenues through which event management education and training needs can be pursued. This is an ongoing study and it is hoped that it will contribute towards a broad scale understanding of the event management job market. More importantly however, it can be used as the basis for curriculum evaluation and training needs, and create a better understanding and compatibility between event management education and industry practice. This paper reports the preliminary results from a content analysis of approximately 100 web-based job advertisements. Email alert accounts were established with several search engines to gather a sample of event management related job advertisements from around Australia. An analytical framework was devised for the analysis of the advertisements themselves. The results reveal several interesting trends including the geographical concentration of the event management job market, the range of industries that require event management specialists or event management skills, and a series of required skills and key attributes of event managers. The results of this study establish a platform from which to develop a classification of event management skills required by the industry
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