Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio e resistido combinados na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em mulheres na menopausa

Modelo de Estudo: Ensaio clínico controlado. Objetivo: Verificar a resposta de 16 semanas do treinamento aeróbio e resistido combinado sobre a modulação autonômica em mulheres na menopausa.Métodos: 17 mulheres foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo treino (GT: n=11) e grupo controle (GC:n=6). As variáveis de composição corporal foram estimadas pela absorptiometria radiológica de dupla energia. A modulação autonômica foi avaliada pela variabilidade da frequência cardíaca usando índices lineares. O protocolo de treinamento consistiu em 16 semanas, por 50 minutos de treinamento resistido e 30 minutos de treinamento aeróbio. Resultados: Para o GT houve incremento do índice rMSSD(ms)(pre:17,4±3,7 e pos:24,8±13,1, p<0,045), aumento dos intervalos entre batimentos cardíacos consecutivos (pre:891,2±80,2 e pos:974,1±71,4, p<0,003) e dos valores de frequência cardíaca(bpm) (pre:68,1±6,4 e pos:62,0±4,7, p<0,003), para os índices espectrais em unidades normalizadas, houve redução de LF(pre:52,2±13,1 e pos:44,5±12,4, p<0,025) e incremento de HF (pre:47,8±13,3 e pos:55,5±12,4, p<0,025).Não houve diferenças significantes para o GC. Conclusão: o treinamento aeróbio e resistido combinado promoveu benefícios sobre a modulação autonômica em mulheres na menopausa.Model of the study: Controlled clinical trial. Objective: To verify the effects of 16 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance training on cardiac autonomic modulation in menopausal women. Methods: 17 menopausal women were divided into two groups: the training group (TG: n=11) and control group (CG:n=6). The body composition variables were estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated by heart rate variability using linear indexes. The training protocol consisted of 16 weeks of 50 minutes of resistance training and 30 minutes of aerobic training. Results: For the TG there was an increase in the rMSSD(ms) index (pre:17,4±3,7 and post:24,8±13,1,p<0,045), an increase in the duration of the intervals between the cardiac beats(ms) (pre:891,2±80,2 and post:974,1±71,4, p<0,003) and in the values of heart rate(bpm) (pre:68,1±6,4 and post:62,0±4,7, p<0,003), additionally for the spectral indexes in normalized units, changes for LF (pre:52,2±13,1 and post:44,5±12,4, p<0,025) and HF (pre:47,8±13,3 and post:55,5±12,4, p<0,025) were noticed, demonstrating increased parasympathetic and reduced sympathetic. There were no significant differences to CG. Conclusion: combined aerobic and resistance training promoted benefits to the autonomic modulation in menopausal women

The use of bioelectrical impedance to detect excess visceral and subcutaneous fat

objective: To analyze bioelectrical impedance performance in detecting the presence of excess visceral fat and overweight/obesity in young Brazilians and how its values are related with them.Methods: Study sample consisted of 811 adolescents of both genders (11 to 17 years of age). Nutritional status was determined based on triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), relative body fat (bioelectrical impedance), and excess visceral fat as determined by waist circumference. Statistical analysis was performed using means, standard deviations, linear correlation, Student's t test, and ROC curve.Results: Bioelectrical impedance achieved good performance in identifying excess visceral fat associated with overweight/obesity in both genders, and was found to be more specific (male 92.4% and female 93.8%) than sensitive (male 86.1% and female 71.8%).Conclusion: Our findings support the use of bioelectrical impedance to identify the presence of excess visceral and subcutaneous fat in adolescents

The effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on heart rate variability in postmenopausal women

Model of the study: Controlled clinical trial. Objective: To verify the effects of 16 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance training on cardiac autonomic modulation in menopausal women. Methods: 17 menopausal women were divided into two groups: the training group (TG: n=11) and control group (CG: n=6). The body composition variables were estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated by heart rate variability using linear indexes. The training protocol consisted of 16 weeks of 50 minutes of resistance training and 30 minutes of aerobic training. Results: For the TG there was an increase in the rMSSD(ms) index (pre:17,4±3,7 and post:24,8±13,1, p<0,045), an increase in the duration of the intervals between the cardiac beats(ms) (pre:891,2±80,2 and post:974,1±71,4, p<0,003) and in the values of heart rate(bpm) (pre:68,1±6,4 and post:62,0±4,7, p<0,003), additionally for the spectral indexes in normalized units, changes for LF (pre:52,2±13,1 and post:44,5±12,4, p<0,025) and HF (pre:47,8±13,3 and post:55,5±12,4, p<0,025) were noticed, demonstrating increased parasympathetic and reduced sympathetic. There were no significant differences to CG. Conclusion: combined aerobic and resistance training promoted benefits to the autonomic modulation in menopausal women

Relação entre gordura corporal, número de passos e capacidade cardiorrespiratória de mulheres na pós-menopausa

Modelo do estudo: Estudo Transversal. Objetivos: Verificar a relação entre gordura corporal, número de passos e capacidade cardiorrespiratória em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Métodos: 57 mulheres acima dos 50 anos foram divididas em quatro grupos de acordo com a mediana da faixa etária (&lt; 60,8 ≥ 60,8 anos) e gordura corporal (&lt;22,8 ≥ 33,2 Kg). Para estimativa da gordura corporal total, percentual de gordura e gordura de tronco, foi utilizado o DEXA. O teste de caminhada de seis minutos foi utilizado para analisar a capacidade cardiorrespiratória, e o número de passos por dia foi obtido por meio do acelerômetro tri-axial. Resultados: As mulheres jovens acumularam mais passos por dia (&lt;60,8=7727,5 x ≥ 60,8=6173,2; p&lt;0,014) e as mulheres mais jovens com menor gordura corporal foram as que acumularam mais passos/ dia (menor gordura = 8405 passos x alta gordura= 6118 passos; p&lt;0,031), não diferindo nas mulheres com maior idade e maior gordura. Quanto à capacidade cardiorrespiratória, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Todas as variáveis de gordura corporal apresentaram relação baixa e negativa com o número de passos no grupo mais jovem e com a capacidade cardiorrespiratória no grupo com idade mais avançada. Conclusão: A gordura corporal apresenta relação baixa e negativa com o número de passos e a capacidade cardiorrespiratória de mulheres na pós-menopausa, além disso, a idade parece influenciar nessa relação.Model of the study: Cross-sectional study. Objective: To verify the relationship between body fat, number of steps and cardiorespiratory fitness in postmenopausal women. Methods: 57 women over 50 years were divided into four groups according to the median of age (&lt;60.8 and ≥ 60.8 years) and median of body fat (&lt;22.8 ≥ 33.2 Kg). The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to estimate total fat mass, percentage of body fat and trunk fat. The test of six-minute walk was used to analyze the cardiorespiratoryfitness and a tri-axial accelerometer to determinate the number of steps per day. Results: Younger women accumulated more steps per day (&lt;60.8= 7727.5 x ≥ 60.8= 6173.2, p &lt;0.014) and among the younger women group, the one with lower body fat accumulated more steps/day (lower fat = 8405 steps x higher fat= 6118 steps, p &lt;0.031). There was no significant difference between women with higher age and higher body fat. Regarding to the cardiorespiratory fitness, there was no significant difference between the groups. All variables of body fat presented low and negative relationship with both number of steps inthe younger group and cardiorespiratory fitness in older age group. Conclusion: Body fat present low and negative correlation with the number of steps and cardiorespiratory fitness in postmenopausal women, furthermore, the age seems to influence this relationship

Combined training (aerobic plus strength) potentiates a reduction in body fat but demonstrates no difference on the lipid profile in postmenopausal women when compared to aerobic training with a similar training load

The aim of this study was to verify the effects of aerobic and combined training on the body composition and lipid profile of obese postmenopausal women and to analyze which of these models is more effective after equalizing the training load. Sixty five postmenopausal women (age=61.0±6.3 years) were divided into three groups: Aerobic Training (AT,n= 15), Combined Training (CT,[strength+aerobic],n=32) and control group (CG,n=18). Their body composition: upper body fat (TF), fat mass (FM), percentage of fat mass and fat free mass (FFM) were estimated by DXA. The lipid profile, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were assessed. There was a statistically significant difference in the TF (AT= -4.4 %, CT= -4.4%, and CG= 1.0%, p= 0.001) and FFM (AT= 1.7%, CT= 2.6%, and CG= -1.4%, p= 0.0001) between the experimental and the control groups. Regarding the percentage of body fat, there was a statistically significant difference only between the CT and CG groups (AT= -2.8%, CT= -3.9% and CG= 0.31%, p= 0.004). When training loads were equalized, the aerobic and combined training decreased core fat and increased fat-free mass, but only the combined training potentiated a reduction in percentage of body fat in obese postmenopausal women after the training program. HDL-c levels increased in the combined group and the chol/HDL ratio (atherogenic index) decreased in the aerobic group, however, there were no significant differences between the intervention programs. Taken together, both the exercise training programs were effective for improving body composition and inducing an anti-atherogenic status

Prevenção da síndrome metabólica em crianças obesas: uma proposta de intervenção Prevención del síndrome metabólico en niños obesos: una propuesta de intervención Prevention of metabolic syndrome in obese children: a proposal of intervention

OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito de 12 semanas de intervenção envolvendo prática de atividade física, orientações alimentar e psicológica sobre fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica em crianças e adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal com 23 crianças e adolescentes obesos, com idade entre seis e 16 anos (12,0±3,2 anos). Foram mensurados: gordura corporal total e de tronco, glicemia, colesterol total e triglicérides, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica. Os jovens foram submetidos a três sessões semanais de 60 minutos de exercício físico (atividades esportivas recreativas, ginástica, circuitos e caminhadas), durante 12 semanas. O teste do qui-quadrado foi usado para comparar dados categóricos daqueles que apresentaram valores acima das recomendações para cada fator de risco. O teste t para dados pareados foi aplicado para comparar os dois momentos do estudo. RESULTADOS: Em indivíduos com alterações metabólicas no início do estudo, observou-se, após a intervenção, a diminuição de 11,6% na glicemia (105 para 93mg/dL; p=0,046) e de 24,9% no triglicérides (217 para 163mg/dL; p=0,013); porém, não houve diferenças na pressão arterial e no colesterol total. CONCLUSÕES: O programa de exercício físico aplicado nas crianças e adolescentes foi eficiente para melhorar os valores de glicemia e triglicérides.<br>OBJETIVO: Analizar el efecto de 12 semanas de intervención implicando práctica de actividad física, orientación alimentar y psicológica sobre factores de riesgo respecto al desarrollo del síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal con 23 niños y adolescentes obsesos, con edad entre seis y 16 años (12,0±3,2 años). Se midió: grasa corporal total y de tronco, glucemia, colesterol total y triglicéridos, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica Los jóvenes fueron sometidos a tres sesiones semanales de 60 minutos de ejercicio físico (actividades deportivas recreativas, gimnástica, circuitos y caminatas) durante 12 semanas. En el tratamiento estadístico, se realizó el análisis descriptivo, con promedio, desviación estándar y error estándar. La prueba de chi cuadrado fue usada para comparar datos categóricos con aquellos que presentaron valores por encima de las recomendaciones para cada Factor de Riesgo y la prueba t para datos pareados fue usada para comparar los dos momentos del estudio. RESULTADOS: En individuos con alteraciones metabólicas en el inicio del estudio, se observó, después de la intervención, reducción del 11,6% en la glucemia (1053mg/dL para 93mg/dL; p=0,046) y del 24,9% en los triglicéridos (217mg/dL para 163mg/dL; p=0,013); sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en la presión arterial y en el colesterol total. CONCLUSIÓN: El programa de ejercicio físico aplicado en los niños y adolescentes fue eficiente para mejorar los valores de glucemia y triglicéridos.<br>OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of a 12-week intervention program based on physical activity practice, alimentary and psychological orientation on the risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted with 23 obese children and adolescents, aged six to 16 years (12.0±3.2 years). Total body and trunk fat mass, glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. The children were submitted to physical activity three times a week during 12 weeks. Each session of 60 minutes consisted of recreational sports activities, gymnastics, circuits and track-walking. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data for those patients who had values above the recommendations for each risk factor and Student's t-test for paired data was used to compare the two moments of the study. RESULTS: In subjects who had altered baseline values in the beginning of the study, the glycemia levels decreased 11.6% (from 105 to 93mg/dL; p=0.046) and the triglycerides decreased 24.9% (from 217 to 163mg/dL; p=0.013) after the intervention. On the other hand, no differences were noted for blood pressure and total cholesterol after the intervention. CCONCLUSIONS: The intervention was effective in improving blood glucose and triglycerides levels in children and adolescents enrolled in the study