Fast production of Bose-Einstein condensates of metastable Helium

We report on the Bose-Einstein condensation of metastable Helium-4 atoms using a hybrid approach, consisting of a magnetic quadrupole and a crossed optical dipole trap. In our setup we cross the phase transition with 2x10^6 atoms, and we obtain pure condensates of 5x10^5 atoms in the optical trap. This novel approach to cooling Helium-4 provides enhanced cycle stability, large optical access to the atoms and results in production of a condensate every 6 seconds - a factor 3 faster than the state-of-the-art. This speed-up will dramatically reduce the data acquisition time needed for the measurement of many particle correlations, made possible by the ability of metastable Helium to be detected individually

Water Quality Project Evaluation A Handbook for Objectives-Based Evaluation of Water Quality Projects

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Use of the Grazing Animal in Forage Breeding

The objective of these studies was to determine, in the context of a forage breeding program, the effect of cattle grazing on survival of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Different cultivars of each species were compared in grazed and ungrazed areas. Results consistently demonstrated that grazing reduced plant stands when compared to ungrazed conditions for each species tested. In alfalfa, however, cultivars developed for grazing tolerance showed much better grazing survival. Infection with the fungal endophyte, Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones & Gams, likewise substantially increased grazing survival in tall fescue. These experiments further demonstrate that cultivar selection and testing needs to be accomplished with the grazing animal to properly assess pasture potential. Selection from elite germplasm under these conditions should probably be practiced as early as possible in the breeding program for species with poor pasture persistence

Evolution of psychosocial factors at work in a French region

Background : Psychosocial factors at work (PFW) can be defined as all non-physicochemical occupational risks. Several epidemiological models have been proposed to measure PFW, but one of the most widely used is Karasek’s model. Aims : To determine whether psychosocial factors, evaluated by Karasek’s questionnaire, had increased in a cohort of workers. Methods : A random sample of workers in the Pays de la Loire region of France, who could be considered representative of the region’s population of salaried workers, filled in a self-administered questionnaire, including Karasek’s self-administered questionnaire, in 2002–05 and 2007–09. Karasek’s questionnaire can be used to study three psychosocial dimensions (psychological demand, decision latitude and social support in the workplace) in workers in order to define two high-risk situations for their health: ‘Job Strain’ and ‘Iso Strain’. Changes in job strain and iso strain among workers were studied according to the workers’ sociodemographic characteristics and their working conditions. Results : In this sample of 2049 workers, the proportion with iso strain increased between the two periods from 12 to 16%, P < 0.001, mainly among manual workers. Deterioration of Karasek indicators was mainly explained by an increase of the ‘low social support’ dimension (38 versus 49%, P < 0.001). Working conditions such as temporary employment of colleagues and high perceived physical exertion were associated with higher PFW. Conclusions : This study, based on a quantitative and collective model, showed deterioration of working team environments and increased risk for individual mental health in this cohort of French workers in recent years

Facteurs de risques psychosociaux de passage à la chronicité des lombalgies, repérables en soins primaires : revue de la littérature

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