Mapping spatial tourism and hospitality employment clusters: An application of spatial autocorrelation

This article analyzes the characteristics and spatial clustering of tourism and hospitality employment clusters in Victoria, Australia. Using cluster theory as the theoretical base, three interrelated research questions are specifically addressed: What industries constitute the tourism and hospitality sector? What broader "groupings" does the sector exhibit? Are these tourism and hospitality industries clustered around strategic areas of economic and resource advantage? Using the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (at the four-digit level), industries explicitly related to tourism and hospitality were first identified and total numbers of individuals working within these industries were aggregated at a level of Statistical Local Area (similar to a suburb or a neighborhood). Results show that in 2006 employment in tourism and hospitality equate to 7.74% of total employment in Australia. "Cafés and restaurants" (22%) is the single largest tourism and hospitality-related employer, followed by "takeaway food services" (20%) and "accommodation" (16%). Using factor analysis, four broader functions were extracted to characterize the underlying structure and functional interdependency among tourism and hospitality industries. These functions include: tourism operational services, hospitality services, entertainment services, and infrastructure operational facilities services. Spatial autocorrelation measures have identified five established tourism and hospitality spatial clusters in Victoria, which we argue hold the potential to act as tourism growth foci to create business synergy and generate spill-over effects through regional collaboration, competition, and sharing of pooled resources between firm

Dependence of Maximum Trappable Field on Superconducting Nb3Sn Cylinder Wall Thickness

Uniform dipole magnetic fields from 1.9 to 22.4 kOe were permanently trapped, with high fidelity to the original field, transversely to the axes of hollow Nb3Sn superconducting cylinders. These cylinders were constructed by helically wrapping multiple layers of superconducting ribbon around a mandrel. This is the highest field yet trapped, the first time trapping has been reported in such helically wound taped cylinders, and the first time the maximum trappable field has been experimentally determined as a function of cylinder wall thickness.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. PACS numbers: 74.60.Ge, 74.70.Ps, 41.10.Fs, 85.25.+

Devil's Staircase in Magnetoresistance of a Periodic Array of Scatterers

The nonlinear response to an external electric field is studied for classical non-interacting charged particles under the influence of a uniform magnetic field, a periodic potential, and an effective friction force. We find numerical and analytical evidence that the ratio of transversal to longitudinal resistance forms a Devil's staircase. The staircase is attributed to the dynamical phenomenon of mode-locking.Comment: two-column 4 pages, 5 figure

Unintended consequences of urbanization for aquatic ecosystems: A case study from the Arizona desert

Many changes wrought during the construction of "designer ecosystems" are intended to ensure - and often succeed in ensuring - that a city can provide ecosystem goods and services; but other changes have unintended impacts on the ecology of the city, impairing its ability to provide these critical functions. Indian Bend Wash, an urbanizing watershed in the Central Arizona-Phoenix (CAP) ecosystem, provides an excellent case study of how human alteration of land cover, stream channel structure, and hydrology affect ecosystem processes, both intentionally and unintentionally. The construction of canals created new flowpaths that cut across historic stream channels, and the creation of artificial lakes produced sinks for fine sediments and hotspots for nitrogen processing. Further hydrologic manipulations, such as groundwater pumping, linked surface flows to the aquifer and replaced ephemeral washes with perennial waters. These alterations of hydrologic structure are typical by-products of urban growth in arid and semiarid regions and create distinct spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen availability. © 2008 American Institute of Biological Sciences

Two Bessel Bridges Conditioned Never to Collide, Double Dirichlet Series, and Jacobi Theta Function

It is known that the moments of the maximum value of a one-dimensional conditional Brownian motion, the three-dimensional Bessel bridge with duration 1 started from the origin, are expressed using the Riemann zeta function. We consider a system of two Bessel bridges, in which noncolliding condition is imposed. We show that the moments of the maximum value is then expressed using the double Dirichlet series, or using the integrals of products of the Jacobi theta functions and its derivatives. Since the present system will be provided as a diffusion scaling limit of a version of vicious walker model, the ensemble of 2-watermelons with a wall, the dominant terms in long-time asymptotics of moments of height of 2-watermelons are completely determined. For the height of 2-watermelons with a wall, the average value was recently studied by Fulmek by a method of enumerative combinatorics.Comment: v2: LaTeX, 19 pages, 2 figures, minor corrections made for publication in J. Stat. Phy

Evolution of the Bianchi I, the Bianchi III and the Kantowski-Sachs Universe: Isotropization and Inflation

We study the Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations for a convex positive potential in a Bianchi I, a Bianchi III and a Kantowski-Sachs universe. After analysing the inherent properties of the system of differential equations, the study of the asymptotic behaviors of the solutions and their stability is done for an exponential potential. The results are compared with those of Burd and Barrow. In contrast with their results, we show that for the BI case isotropy can be reached without inflation and we find new critical points which lead to new exact solutions. On the other hand we recover the result of Burd and Barrow that if inflation occurs then isotropy is always reached. The numerical integration is also done and all the asymptotical behaviors are confirmed.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, Self-consistent Latex2e File. To be published in Phys. Rev.

Target validation:switching domains

Chemical probes and drugs often bind to functional domains on disease-relevant proteins. A study suggests a chemical genetic approach to establish on-target effects by swapping the targeted domain, affording resistance to pharmacological inhibition while retaining functionality

Ergodicity criteria for non-expanding transformations of 2-adic spheres

In the paper, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for ergodicity (with respect to the normalized Haar measure) of discrete dynamical systems $$ on 2-adic spheres $\mathbf S_{2^{-r}}(a)$ of radius $2^{-r}$, $r\ge 1$, centered at some point $a$ from the ultrametric space of 2-adic integers $\mathbb Z_2$. The map $f\colon\mathbb Z_2\to\mathbb Z_2$ is assumed to be non-expanding and measure-preserving; that is, $f$ satisfies a Lipschitz condition with a constant 1 with respect to the 2-adic metric, and $f$ preserves a natural probability measure on $\mathbb Z_2$, the Haar measure $\mu_2$ on $\mathbb Z_2$ which is normalized so that $\mu_2(\mathbb Z_2)=1$

PT-symmetry breaking in complex nonlinear wave equations and their deformations

We investigate complex versions of the Korteweg-deVries equations and an Ito type nonlinear system with two coupled nonlinear fields. We systematically construct rational, trigonometric/hyperbolic, elliptic and soliton solutions for these models and focus in particular on physically feasible systems, that is those with real energies. The reality of the energy is usually attributed to different realisations of an antilinear symmetry, as for instance PT-symmetry. It is shown that the symmetry can be spontaneously broken in two alternative ways either by specific choices of the domain or by manipulating the parameters in the solutions of the model, thus leading to complex energies. Surprisingly the reality of the energies can be regained in some cases by a further breaking of the symmetry on the level of the Hamiltonian. In many examples some of the fixed points in the complex solution for the field undergo a Hopf bifurcation in the PT-symmetry breaking process. By employing several different variants of the symmetries we propose many classes of new invariant extensions of these models and study their properties. The reduction of some of these models yields complex quantum mechanical models previously studied.Comment: 50 pages, 39 figures (compressed in order to comply with arXiv policy; higher resolutions maybe obtained from the authors upon request