The activation of hydrogen by excited mercury atoms

That mercury atoms excited by absorption of the line 2537Å are able to activate various kinds of atoms by collisions of the second kind has been shown in several different ways. Using pressure measurements to follow the reaction, Cario and Franck (1) showed that hydrogen, in the presence of excited mercury vapor, can be activated and made to reduce copper oxide or tungsten oxide, while Dickinson (2) repeated the experiment using gaseous oxygen instead of solid oxide. Employing spectroscopic methods of detection, Cario (3) activated thallium vapor by collisions with excited mercury atoms and observed the radiation of the green thallium line 5351 Å and indeed all the thallium lines which would theoretically be expected

Electron scattering in ethene: Excitation of the ã 3B1u state, elastic scattering, and vibrational excitation

Experimental and calculated absolute differential cross sections for the scattering of low-energy electrons from ethene are presented. Emphasis is on the excitation of the ã 3B1u 3(pi,pi*) state, but selected elastic and vibrational excitation cross sections are also given. In contrast to earlier calculations, which were nearly a factor of 2 too large, the present calculation agrees very well with the experimental triplet excitation cross section in the threshold region. The improvement is due primarily to the inclusion of target polarization, which results in proper positioning of the pi* resonance, whose high-energy tail dominates the triplet state excitation near threshold. The present experimental elastic cross sections agree very well with recent calculations taking into account target polarization

Absolute angle-differential elastic cross sections for electron collisions with diacetylene

We report measured and calculated differential elastic cross sections for collisions of low-energy electrons with diacetylene (1,3-butadiyne). A generally satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment has been found. The calculated cross sections provide interesting insight into the underlying resonant structure

Literature circles, gender and reading for enjoyment

The research was commissioned through Information and Analytical Services Division, which is responsible for providing analytical services within the Scottish Executive Education Department (SEED). Their work is part of a multidisciplinary unit (consisting of researchers, economists and statistics staff) and the staff undertakes and funds economic analysis and social research in the fields of: school education; children, young people and social work: architecture; and tourism, culture and sport

Nanoelectronics

In this chapter we intend to discuss the major trends in the evolution of microelectronics and its eventual transition to nanoelectronics. As it is well known, there is a continuous exponential tendency of microelectronics towards miniaturization summarized in G. Moore's empirical law. There is consensus that the corresponding decrease in size must end in 10 to 15 years due to physical as well as economical limits. It is thus necessary to prepare new solutions if one wants to pursue this trend further. One approach is to start from the ultimate limit, i.e. the atomic level, and design new materials and components which will replace the present day MOS (metal-oxide-semi- conductor) based technology. This is exactly the essence of nanotechnology, i.e. the ability to work at the molecular level, atom by atom or molecule by molecule, to create larger structures with fundamentally new molecular orga- nization. This should lead to novel materials with improved physical, chemi- cal and biological properties. These properties can be exploited in new devices. Such a goal would have been thought out of reach 15 years ago but the advent of new tools and new fabrication methods have boosted the field. We want to give here an overview of two different subfields of nano- electronics. The first part is centered on inorganic materials and describes two aspects: i) the physical and economical limits of the tendency to miniaturiza- tion; ii) some attempts which have already been made to realize devices with nanometric size. The second part deals with molecular electronics, where the basic quantities are now molecules, which might offer new and quite interest- ing possibilities for the future of nanoelectronicsComment: HAL : hal-00710039, version 2. This version corrects some aspect concerning the metal-insulator-metal without dot

Reviewing factors affecting the effectiveness of decentralised domestic wastewater treatment systems for phosphorus and pathogen removal

Environmental pollution and risks to human health can result from diffuse sources of pollution originating from decentralised wastewater treatment systems (DWTS). In particular phosphorus pollution can lead to eutrophication and the downgrading of the quality of water bodies, for example, under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in the EU, and pathogen pollution can result in increased risks of human exposure to pathogens and impacts on industries such as shellfish growing and tourism. The study reported in this paper reviews the effectiveness of various DWTS in removing phosphorus and pathogens from onsite systems. It was found that DWTS are typically not designed to specifically treat these pollutants and the most common type of DWTS, septic tanks, provide only basic treatment. Additional treatment such as filtration-based or wetland systems must be used to achieve desired levels of treatments. The performance of these systems is affected by site specific conditions, such as input load and sources, and climatic conditions and as such operational characteristics and treatment measures must be designed to take account of these factors

The Canadian ABS Market: Where Do We Go From Here?

The asset-backed securities (ABS) market suffered a major setback during the financial crisis that began in 2007. Its role in the broader market collapse has been well documented, but the need to restore a healthy ABS market is equally clear. Indeed, North American policymakers have readily acknowledged that this market must play a major role in the global economic recovery and policymakers have recently moved beyond addressing the urgency of restarting the ABS market to considering its reform. An analysis of current reform proposals guides suggestions for a policy approach that reflects Canadian market realities. Specifically, it would be prudent in the Canadian context to impose new disclosure requirements for all public market medium-term note issuance.Financial Services, asset-backed securities (ABS), ABS market reforms, Canadian ABS market, global economic recovery

Better Barking for ABS: Reform Proposals for the Asset-Backed Securities Market

The market for asset-backed securities (ABS) – financial instruments backed by underlying assets such as mortgages – suffered a major setback in 2007, as a cascade of downgrades and defaults brought turmoil to credit markets and the world economy. Authorities in the United States have since proposed sweeping changes to the ABS market. The Canadian Securities Administrators, representing provincial securities commissions, recently released a discussion paper proposing similar reforms, which would require: (i) sharply enhanced transparency in ABS structures, (ii) CEO certification of the adequacy of such structures, and (iii) disclosure of previous asset repurchases by the securities’ sponsor.Financial Services, asset-backed securities (ABS), credit markets