Level structure above the 17⁺ isomeric state in ¹⁵²₆₉Tm₈₃

Abstract Excited states above the 17⁺ isomeric state in the proton-rich nucleus ¹⁵²Tm were established by employing the recoil-isomer tagging technique. Data were collected using the JUROGAM gamma-ray array and the GREAT spectrometer together with the recoil ion transport unit (RITU) gas-filled recoil separator and analyzed to identify the prompt and delayed γ decays from the levels in ¹⁵²Tm. Shell-model calculations, either in a large valence space or in a reduced model space with five protons in the π0h₁₁/₂ orbital and one neutron in the ν1f₇/₂ orbital, agree with the observed energies of the yrast levels up to angular momentum J = 21. The observation of near degeneracies in the energy spectrum can be attributed to specific components of the proton-neutron interaction. The isomeric decay of the 17⁺ level is not reproduced in the shell-model calculations as it arises from a delicate balance between hindrance due to seniority selection rules and enhancement due to configuration mixing

The Europeanisation of contested states : comparing Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro

This paper compares the European Union (EU) integration process in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro. The analysis centres on the different political systems and conflict-resolution mechanisms in these three countries in order to explain their different progress in EU accession. Our main argument is that consolidated statehood is not only key for effective democratization, but also a prerequisite for EU accession and functional EU integration. Systematically applying these concepts to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro, the paper unpacks the connection between internal contestation and a lack of general consensus on EU integration, as well as the connection between different nation-building projects and limited Europeanisation