630 research outputs found
Numerical investigation of the mixing of highly viscous liquids with Cowles impellers
This work is aimed at investigating the mixing process of highly viscous paints, used to colour leathers in the tanning industry, through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In particular, a mixing tank is fed with a master liquid and different liquid pigments and then stirred by Cowles impellers in order to obtain a paint of a uniform colour. The typical dynamic viscosity of the liquids in this process is μ ~ O(0.1-10) Pa·s, while the Cowles rotational speed is usually very high, i.e. 3000-5000 rpm. The numerical model is based on the solution of the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations for continuity, momentum and species mass fractions, the latter being used to describe the different components. The impeller motion is modelled through the Sliding Deforming Mesh (SDM) approach, using rotating (unstructured) meshes in the impeller region and a static (structured) mesh in the remainder of the tank. The master liquid and coloured pigments are assumed to stratify within the tank at initial time and the steady rotational speed is then imposed abruptly to the impellers. The level of homogeneity in the stirred tank is evaluated through the analysis of component concentration fields over time. In particular, such local concentrations can be used to determine the mixture colour in different regions of the tank, and hence predict the degree of homogeneity at different times; this is accomplished by defining a proper homogeneity indicator based on the spatial variance of the estimated colour. The proposed numerical model provides an efficient method to investigate the colour of the mixture and to evaluate an appropriate mixing time. The methodology gives also important indications for the tank design, especially useful in the case of non-conventional impellers, high rotation rates and viscous fluids
An automatic system for modeling and controlling color quality of dyed leathers in tanneries
This paper presents an automatic system for modeling and controlling color quality of dyed leathers of an Italian tannery. The proposed software is implemented within the IT company system, and is fully integrated with the machineries of the finishing line, that is, a spraying cabin with a robotic carousel, and an electronic tintometer system. Suitable experimental tests according to the Design of Experiments (DoE) are firstly defined, executed and analyzed for a series of color tones of interest. In order to derive and validate a set of colorimetric models able to evaluate and predict the color rendering of painted leathers, a set of recipes of basic dye pigments and data of light reflection measured by a multispectral camera are used. Principal Component Analysis is applied for dimensionality reduction, and linear least squares regression is employed to identify these data-driven models, which are then used for color control purpose. A color correction feedback strategy is indeed developed in order to converge towards the various target formulations. The control algorithm aims at reaching the multispectral reading values of the reference, that is, the first sample of unknown color recipe starting from the most similar archive base and appropriately updating the recipe of pigments, by using the measurement of leather samples prepared from time to time by the finishing line machineries. A set of company data are used to successfully validate the identified colorimetric models and the proposed color correction strategy
Motile aeromonads from farmed and wild freshwater fish in northern Italy: an evaluation of antimicrobial activity and multidrug resistance during 2013 and 2016
Background
Antimicrobial resistant bacteria are emerging biological contaminants of the environment. In aquatic ecosystems, they originate mainly from hospitals, livestock manure and private households sewage water, which could contain antimicrobial agents and resistant microorganisms. Aeromonas spp. occur ubiquitously in aquatic environments and they cause disease in fish. Motile aeromonads are also associated with human gastrointestinal and wound infections and fish can act as a transmission route of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) aeromonads to humans. The environmental ubiquity, the natural susceptibility to antimicrobials and the zoonotic potential of Aeromonas spp. make them optimal candidates for studying the AMR in aquatic ecosystems.
Results
The AMR patterns of 95 motile aeromonads isolated from freshwater fish during 2013 and 2016 were analyzed. All samples from fish came from farms and natural water bodies located in northern Italy, which is an area characterized by high anthropic impact on the environment. The isolates were biochemically identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria or Aeromonas caviae and AMR was determined by the standard disk diffusion method. All isolates were resistant to cloxacillin, spiramycin and tilmicosin. High AMR frequencies (>\u200995%) were detected for tylosin, penicillin and sulfadiazine. AMR to danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, flumequine, ceftiofur, aminosidine, colistin, doxycycline, gentamicin, marbocyl and florfenicol was observed at low levels (<\u200910%). No AMR to cefquinome was found. Logistic regression showed several differences in antimicrobial activity between complexes. According to the source of aeromonads, only few differences in AMR between isolates from farmed and wild fish were observed.
Conclusions
Our data revealed an increasing trend of AMR to neomycin and apramycin among Aeromonas isolates during the study period, while resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline and thiamphenicol decreased. All isolates were multidrug resistance (MDR), but A. caviae showed the highest number of MDR per isolate. In most isolates, various degrees of MDR were detected to macrolides, quinolones, fluoroquinolones, polymyxins and cephalosporins (third and fourth generations), which are listed, by the World Health Organisation, to be among the highest priority and critically important antimicrobials in human medicine. Our findings underlined that freshwater fish can act as potential source of MDR motile aeromonads. Due to their zoonotic potential, this can pose serious threat to human health
Detection of genetic diversity among clones of cv. Fortana (Vitis vinifera L.) by microsatellite DNA polymorphism analysis
Allelic polymorphism at 6 microsatellite loci was analyzed in 5 clones of cv. Fortana, which had been divided into two morphological groups (CAB 2, CAB 13, CAB 14, and CAB 1, CAB 3, respectively) by discriminant multivariate analysis of leaf traits. Of the 6 microsatellite loci, 5 (VVS1, VVS2, VVS4, VVMD3, VVMD6) showed polymorphism between clones and one (VVMD7) gave identical DNA profiles. Two genotypic patterns were found: clones CAB 2: CAB 13 and CAB 14 appeared identical and distinct from clones CAB 1 and CAB 3, but all of them shared at least one of the two alleles for each locus, thus showing a certain degree of genetic relatedness. The slight morphological differences of the two Fortana clone groups could thus be related to the diversity of their genotypic profiles. Thus, the two clone groups may have originated not via vegetative propagation of a single individual but from seedlings, parents or siblings of this progenitor. The present investigation supports the assumptions of the polyclonal origin of cv. Fortana and concludes that the strict definition of cultivar, which admits of clonal origin only, is not altogether adequate for the old varieties of unknown origin. The Italian term ''vitigno'' and the French ''cepage'', which do not imply genetic uniformity, would appear more appropriate than cultivar to indicate a winegrape variety
Executive functions in children with specific learning disorders: Shedding light on a complex profile through teleassessment
Executive Functions (EFs) are high-order cognitive processes relevant to learning and adaptation and frequently impaired in children with specific learning disorders (SLDs). This study aimed to investigate EFs in children with SLD and explore the role of specific EF-related subprocesses, such as stimuli processing and processing speed. Fifty-seven SLD and 114 typically developing (TD) children, matched for gender and age, completed four tasks measuring response inhibition, interference control, shifting, and updating on a web-based teleassessment platform. The results show that SLD children performed lower in all EF tasks than TD children, regardless of stimulus type and condition. Mediation analyses suggested that differences between the SLD and TD groups are mediated by EF-related subprocesses, offering an interpretative model of EF deficits in children with SLD
Cryptostroma corticale: malattia della corteccia fuligginosa dell'acero
Le segnalazioni di questa malattia che colpisce il genere Acer sono in crescita in tutta Europa. La sua recrudescenza pare legata al riscaldamento del clima. Oltre a portare a morte le piante e a comprometterne la stabilità meccanica, il fungo ascomicete che ne è causa, Cryptostoma corticale, minaccia la salute umana producendo una grande quantità di spore aeree che possono causare gravi infiammazioni polmonari
Assessment of the antibiotic resistance profile, genetic heterogeneity and biofilm production of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from the italian swine production chain
The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of antibiotic resistance, prevalence and virulence features of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from heavy swine at abattoir level and farming environments in Lombardy (Northern Italy). With this scope, 88 different heavy swine farms were surveyed, obtaining a total of n = 440 animal swabs and n = 150 environmental swabs. A total of n = 87 MRSA isolates were obtained, with an overall MRSA incidence of 17.50% (n = 77) among animal samples and a 6.67% (n = 10) among environmental. Molecular characterisation using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) plus spa-typing showed that sequence type ST398/t899 and ST398/t011 were the most commonly isolated genotypes, although other relevant sequence types such as ST1 or ST97 were also found. A lack of susceptibility to penicillins, tetracycline and ceftiofur was detected in >91.95, 85.05 and 48.28% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance to doxycycline (32.18%), enrofloxacin (27.59%) and gentamicin (25.29%) was also observed. Additionally, a remarkable level of antibiotic multiresistance (AMR) was observed representing a 77.01% (n = 67) of the obtained isolates. Genetic analysis revealed that 97.70% and 77.01% of the isolates harboured at least one antibiotic resistance or enterotoxin gene, respectively, pointing out a high isolate virulence potential. Lastly, 55.17% (n = 48) were able to produce measurable amounts of biofilm after 24 h. In spite of the current programmes for antibiotic reduction in intensively farming, a still on-going high level of AMR and virulence potential in MRSA was demonstrated, making this pathogen a serious risk in swine production chain, highlighting once more the need to develop efficient, pathogen-specific control strategies
Elastofibroma dorsi: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study
Elastofibroma dorsi (ED) is considered a member of a heterogeneous group of benign fibrous (fibroblastic or myofibroblastic) soft-tissue tumors, frequently localized in the periscapular region in middle aged or older individuals. However, the pathogenesis of ED is still unclear and many authors believe that ED results from a reactive hyperproliferation of fibroblastic tissue, while others suggest that it may be a consequence of a mechanical friction. In our study, we examined 11 cases of ED using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, in order to extend the knowledge about extracellular matrix composition and histopathogenesis of ED. From the results it appeared that stroma and interspersed spindle cells of ED were positive for both periostin and tenascin-C. Mast cells tryptase-positive were also abundant throughout the lesion. The perivascular distribution of periostin and tenascin-C, associated with the CD34 positivity, suggest that endothelial-mesenchymal transition events can account for neovascularization and production of fibroelastic tissue characteristic of elastofibroma. Our data obtained in endothelial cells cultures demonstrated that elastin production is higher when the status of confluence of the cells is low. So, we can assume that such a phenomenon is a characteristic of mesenchymal/endothelial cells CD34 positive, in which elastin production results to be inversely proportional to the vascular differentiation of cellular elements. In the light of these considerations, we think that a cancerous nature of ED is unlikely. Overall, our study report, for the first time, a detailed description of extracellular matrix composition in ED, suggesting that a mechanical strain-dependent reactivation of periostin and tenascin-C expression, as well as of elastin deposition, could be responsible for development of ED
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