EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MIMOSA PUDICA ROOT L. ON ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS-INDUCED ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

Objective: The present study is undertaken to study the ameliorative effects of ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica root (EMPR) on stress-induced anxiety and depressive-like behavior in Swiss albino mice.Methods: The animals were subjected to acute restraint stress (ARS) for 7 days, and on the 8th day after drugs administration, the antianxiety effect was evaluated using elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Antidepressant activity was evaluated by animal despair models-forced swim test and tail suspension test. Phytochemical analysis of the extract was also conducted.Results: EMPR (1000 and 2000 mg/kg) and the combined test groups have shown significant antianxiety effects similar to the standard diazepam as indicated by an improved open arm exploratory behavior in EPM model. EMPR also significantly reduced the immobility time in the animal despair models tested.Conclusion: Results suggest that EMPR possesses significant anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in male Swiss albino mice

EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ALANGIUM SALVIFOLIUM LEAVES IN ANIMAL MODELS

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of ethanolic extract of Alangium salvifolium leaves (EASL) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in animal model. Methods: The ethanolic extract of A. salvifolium was prepared by continuous method using Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical analysis of EASL was conducted. Anticancer activity of the extract was evaluated by EAC model in Swiss albino mice. EASL was administered at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight once a day orally for 14 days, after 24 h of tumor inoculation. Results: A. salvifolium leaves extract treatment produced significant decrease in tumor volume and body weight, and increase in total and non-viable cell count, along with elevated life span of EAC-bearing mice. The EASL exhibited potent dose-dependent antitumor activity. Further, the altered hematological parameters such as red blood cells, hemoglobin, and white blood cells levels as well as biochemical parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and total protein levels in EAC mice were significantly (p<0.05) regained following treatment with EASL. The anticancer potential of EASL can be attributed to the presence of phenols and flavonoids. Conclusion: Results suggest that EASL possesses significant anticancer activity against EAC tumor-bearing Swiss albino mice

Parallel Test Generation With Low Communication Overhead

In this paper we present a method of parallelizing test generation for combinational logic using boolean satisfiability. We propose a dynamic search-space allocation strategy to split work between the available processors. This strategy is easy to implement with a greedy heuristic and is economical in its demand for inter-processor communication. We derive an analytical model to predict the performance of the parallel versus sequential implementations. The effectiveness of our method and analysis is demonstrated by an implementation on a Sequent (shared memory) multiprocessor. The experimental data shows significant performance improvement in parallel implementation, validates our analytical model, and allows predictions of performance for a range of time-out limits and degrees of parallelism

EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF MIMOSA PUDICA ROOT LINN IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

Objective: To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica root (EMPR) in experimental mice models.Methods: Ethanolic extract of root parts of Mimosa pudica (EMPR) was prepared by a continuous method using soxhlet apparatus. EMPR in doses of 1000, 2000 mg/kg body wt along with valproate were administrated to albino mice by oral route and anti-epileptic activity was assessed by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure models. Abolition of tonic hind limb extension phase and an increase in seizure latency period, when compared to control group, were taken as a measure of protection in MES and PTZ induced convulsion models respectively.Results: EMPR in the dose of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body wt of mice showed significant anti-epileptic property in both MES and PTZ induced seizure models. There was a significant abolition of tonic hind limb extension phase in MES model. There was also a significant increase in seizure latency period in PTZ induced seizure model.Conclusion: Results suggest that ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica roots possess significant anti-epileptic activity. Further investigations are required to determine its active constituents and also its antiepileptic mechanism of action

Fault Coverage Requirement in Production Testing of LSI Circuits

A technique is described for evaluating the effectiveness of production tests for large scale integrated (LSI) circuit chips. It is based on a model for the distribution of faults on a chip. The model requires two parameters, the average number (n0) of faults on a faulty chip and the yield (y) of good chips. It is assumed that the yield either is known or can be calculated from the available formulas. The other parameter, n0, is determined from an experimental procedure. Once the model is fully characterized, it allows calculation of the field reject rate as a function of the fault coverage. The technique implicitly takes into account such variables as fault simulator characteristics, the feature size, and the manufacturing environment. An actual LSI circuit is used as an example

Comparative study of single dose versus multiple doses of antibiotic prophylaxis in caesarean delivery

Background: Women undergoing caesarean delivery (CD) are 5 to 20 fold greater risk of infection than women of vaginal delivery group. Infectious complications after CD are an important and substantial cause of maternal morbidity and increase in the hospital stay and cost of treatment. The objective was to compare the efficacy of intravenous single dose, less costly cefotaxime and more expensive triple drug regimen (ceftriaxone+gentamycin+metrogyl) for 5 post operative days, for prophylaxis in caesarean delivery.Methods: It is a prospective comparative study was undertaken on 300 subjects with 2 parallel treatment groups. Data were analyzed using Graphpad Instat 3 McIntosh software by Student’s t test, Mann–Whitney U test, the Chi-squared test or fisher’s exact test.Results: Comparatively narrow spectrum low cost cefotaxime is as effective as more expensive commonly used triple drug regimen with no significant difference of infectious morbidity.Conclusions: Less costly cefotaxime should be preferred compared to more costly triple drug regimen for prophylaxis at caesarean section

Fault Coverage Requirement in Production Testing of LSI Circuits

A technique is described for evaluating the effectiveness of production tests for large scale integrated (LSI) circuit chips. It is based on a model for the distribution of faults on a chip. The model requires two parameters, the average number (n0) of faults on a faulty chip and the yield (y) of good chips. It is assumed that the yield either is known or can be calculated from the available formulas. The other parameter, n0, is determined from an experimental procedure. Once the model is fully characterized, it allows calculation of the field reject rate as a function of the fault coverage. The technique implicitly takes into account such variables as fault simulator characteristics, the feature size, and the manufacturing environment. An actual LSI circuit is used as an example

ENHANCED TRANSDERMAL PERMEABILITY OF TELMISARTAN BY A NOVEL NANOEMULSION GEL

Objective: Telmisartan is an angiotensin II type I receptor blocker antihypertensive agent with 42% oral bioavailability. The aim of the present investigation was to develop a nanoemulsion gel to enhance bioavailability of poorly water soluble Telmisartan.Methods: Different nanoemulsion components (oil, surfactant and co-surfactant) were selected on the basis of solubility and emulsification ability. Pseudotemary phase diagrams were constructed using aqueous titration method. Carbopol 934 was added as a gel matrix to convert nanoemulsion into nanoemulsion gel. Drug loaded nanoemulsions and nanoemulsion gels were characterized for particle size, viscosity, rheological behavior, thermodynamic stability studies and ex vivo permeation studies using rat skin. Transdermal permeation of Telmisartan from nanoemulsion gels was determined using Franz Diffusion cell.Results: The optimized nanoemulsion gel (NEG) contained Labrafil®M 2125 CS (14.3%) as oil, Acrysol®EL 135 (30.84%) as surfactant, Carbitol® (15.42%) as co-surfactant and (32.44%) water; 20 mg drug and 1% w/w carbopol. The ex vivo permeation profile of optimized formulation was compared to nanoemulsion and normal gel. Permeability parameters like steady-state flux (Jss), permeability coefficient (Kp), and enhancement ratio (Er) were significantly increased in nanoemulsion (NE) and nanoemulsion gel (NEG) as compared to conventional gel. There was a considerable improvement in bio availability for nanoemulsion gel compared to the conventional telemisartan gel.Conclusion: Nanoemulsion gel has significantly increased the bio-availability of the drug.Â

Efficacy of lysine versus mupirocin in the treatment of non-diabetic foot ulcer: the sessing scale for assessment of pressure ulcer

Background: This present studies intended to evaluate the wound healing ability, efficacy and tolerability of lysine cream (15%) in non- diabetic foot ulcer assessed by way of sessing scale.Methods: A randomized, open-label, interventional study was directed on 20 subjects (participants) non-diabetic ulcers. Participants were grouped into two groups, control (n=10) and case (n=10). The control was treated with standard treatment with mupirocin and the test group was treated with standard treatment alongside lysine cream (15%) twice every day. Wound healing in the participants was assessed by the sessing scales.Results: A total of 20 participants were allotted into two groups. The results expressed as mean±standard deviation values imply the size and depth of the foot ulcer from the first week to the 8th week. Both the groups showed a significant increase the ulcer healing and decrease the pressure of foot ulcer of over a period of 8 weeks. Assessment of the first week showed no significant ulcer healing and its pressure. The overall outcome indicated that the lysine-treated group extensively reduced each of the parameters favouring wound healing than the standard therapy with mupirocin (control group).Conclusions: Results concluded that, lysine cream is better efficacious in the repair of wound and additionally well tolerated compared to mupirocin