53,751 research outputs found
Intrinsic Anomalous Hall Effect in Magneto-Chiral States
We show that a finite Hall effect in zero applied magnetic field occurs for
partially filled bands in certain time-reversal violating states with zero net
flux per unit-cell. These states are the Magneto-chiral states with parameters
in the effective one-particle Hamiltonian such that they do not satisfy the
Haldane-type constraints for topological electronic states. The results extend
an earlier discussion of the Kerr effect observed in the cuprates but may be
applicable to other experimental situations.Comment: published versio
Interfacial Tension of Electrolyte Solutions
A theory is presented to account for the increase in surface tension of water
in the presence of electrolyte. Unlike the original ``grand-canonical''
calculation of Onsager and Samaras, which relied on the Gibbs adsorption
isotherm and lead to a result which could only be expressed as an infinite
series, our approach is ``canonical'' and produces an analytic formula for the
excess surface tension. For small concentrations of electrolyte, our result
reduces to the Onsager-Samaras limiting law.Comment: contains two figures. Journal of Chemical Physics, in pres
Resummation of High Order Corrections in Boson Plus Jet Production at the LHC
We study the multiple soft gluon radiation effects in boson plus jet
production at the LHC. By applying the transverse momentum dependent
factorization formalism, the large logarithms introduced by the small total
transverse momentum of the boson plus jet final state system, are resummed
to all orders in the expansion of the strong interaction coupling at the
accuracy of Next-to-Leading Logarithm(NLL). We also compare the prediction of
our resummation calculation to the CMS data by employing a reweighting
procedure to estimate the effect from imposing kinematic cuts on the leptons
from boson decay, and find good agreement for both the imbalance transverse
momentum and the azimuthal angle correlation of the final state boson and
jet system, for production at the LHC.Comment: 7 pages, published versio
Nonequilibrium stationary states of 3D self-gravitating systems
Three dimensional self-gravitating systems do not evolve to thermodynamic
equilibrium, but become trapped in nonequilibrium quasistationary states. In
this Letter we present a theory which allows us to a priori predict the
particle distribution in a final quasistationary state to which a
self-gravitating system will evolve from an initial condition which is
isotropic in particle velocities and satisfies a virial constraint 2K=-U, where
K is the total kinetic energy and U is the potential energy of the system
Resonant activation: a strategy against bacterial persistence
A bacterial colony may develop a small number of cells genetically identical
to, but phenotypically different from other normally growing bacteria. These
so-called persister cells keep themselves in a dormant state and thus are
insensitive to antibiotic treatment, resulting in serious problems of drug
resistance. In this paper, we proposed a novel strategy to "kill" persister
cells by triggering them to switch, in a fast and synchronized way, into
normally growing cells that are susceptible to antibiotics. The strategy is
based on resonant activation (RA), a well-studied phenomenon in physics where
the internal noise of a system can constructively facilitate fast and
synchronized barrier crossings. Through stochastic Gilliespie simulation with a
generic toggle switch model, we demonstrated that RA exists in the phenotypic
switching of a single bacterium. Further, by coupling single cell level and
population level simulations, we showed that with RA, one can greatly reduce
the time and total amount of antibiotics needed to sterilize a bacterial
population. We suggest that resonant activation is a general phenomenon in
phenotypic transition, and can find other applications such as cancer therapy.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, submitte
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