Gambaran Histopatologik Lambung Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus) Yang Diberi Sari Buah Nenas (Ananas Comosus (L.) Merr) Setelah Induksi Asam Mefenamat

: Inflammation of the stomach can be caused by various factors, including the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs such as mefenamic acid. Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) merr) is a herbal remedy used to treat gastritis. Pineapple contains several nutrients such as vitamin C and bromelain enzyme that are efficacious as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. This study aimed to determine histopathological features of the gastric of wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) given pineapple juice after induction of mefenamic acid. This was an experimental study using 20 wistar rats divided into four groups; each group consisted of five rats. Group I (negative control) was given no treatment. Group II was induced with mefenamic acid 23.25 mg/day single dose for seven days. Group III was induced with mefenamic acid 23.25 mg/day single dose for seven days then was given no treatment during the next seven days. Group IV was induced with mefenamic acid 23.25 mg/day single dose for seven days then was administered with pineapple juice over the next seven days. Rats in group I and II were terminated on day-8 while those in groups III and IV were terminated on day-15. The results showed that the gastric tissue of rats in group IV had less inflammatory cells but more regenerating cells than those in group II and III. Conclusion: Histopathological features of the gaster of wistar rats treated with pineapple juice after the induction of mefenamic acid showed milder signs of acute gastritis and more prominent of cell regeneration/tissue recovery than those given no pineapple juice

Gambaran Histopatologik Hati Tikus Wistar Yang Diberi Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Setelah Diinduksi Karbon Tetraklorida (CCl4)

: Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a traditional plant, which is known to treat liver disease. The effect of moringa is related to the antioxidant activity of its compounds such as quercetin and flavonoid silymarin which are useful as liver protector. Carbon tetraclorida is a hepatotoxic substance that is usually used as an inducer of liver damage in studies related to hepatoprotector activity of a substance. This study aimed to describe liver histopathological features of Wistar rats fed with moringa leaf extract after CCl4 induction. This was an experimental study using 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into 4 groups. Group A, the negative control, was terminated at day 6th, and the other groups (B, C, and D) were induced with CCl4 0.05 cc/day for 5 days. After CCl4 induction, group B were terminated at day 6th; group C was treated with moringa leaf extract 100 mg/day for 5 days and was terminated at day 11th; group D received no treatment for 5 days and was terminated at day 11th. The results showed that groups induced with CCl4 for 5 days showed the presence of inflammatory cells and fatty cells. The groups treated with moringa leaf extract 100mg/day for 5 days after CCl4 induction 0.05 cc/day exhibited regeneration of liver cells in nearly all lobules. Conclusion: Administration of moringa leaf extract of 100mg/day could accelerate liver cell regeneration of Wistar rats after induction of CCl4 0.05cc/day

Gambaran Histopatologi Lambung Tikus Wistar Yang Diberi Cabe Rawit (Capsicum Frutescens)

Background: Capsaicin is one of the active substantial that can be found in Chili pepper and one of the irritant for mammal that causing the burning sensation. The discomfort sensation in the gastric by capsaicin can be caused because the Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 that can be found in gastric is stimulated.Objective: To demonstrate the gastric that was administered with Chili pepper.Method: The study conducted on Integrated Research Laboratory Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University Manado from October 2012 to January 2013. The study used 17 wistars, which divided to 5 groups and last to 7 days. This study was using Chili pepper in 45mg, 90mg, 135mg, and 180mg to study the histological changes of wistar rat's gastric.Results: The result showed that the administration of 180mg dose of Chili pepper did not cause a meaningful damage. The administration in 90mg of Chili pepper did cause a great damage with many inflammation signs occurring.Conclusions: The administration of Chili pepper in little to moderate dose causing a greater damage than the administration of Chili pepper in high dose

The UV/H2O2 - photodegradation of poly(ethyleneglycol) and model compounds

The general mechanism for the photodegradation of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) by H2O2/UV was determined studying the photooxidation of small model molecules, like low molecular weight ethyleneglycols (tetra-, tri-, di-, and ethyleneglycol). After 30 min of irradiation the average molar mass (Mw) of the degradated PEG, analysed by GPC, fall to half of its initial value, with a concomitant increase in polydispersitivity and number of average chain scission (S), characterizing a random chain scission process yielding oligomers and smaller size ethyleneglycols. HPLC analysis of the photodegradation of the model ethyleneglycols proved that the oxidation mechanism involved consecutive reactions, where the larger ethyleneglycols gave rise, successively, to smaller ones. The photodegradation of ethyleneglycol lead to the formation of low molecular weight carboxylic acids, like glycolic, oxalic and formic acids.O mecanismo geral para a fotodegradação do polietilenoglicol (PEG) usando o sistema H2O2/UV foi determinado por GPC e HPLC, analisando o comportamento de moléculas modelo, como por exemplo os etilenoglicóis de baixa massa molar (tetra-, tri-, di-, e etilenoglicol). Após 30 min de irradiação, a massa molar ponderal média (Mw) do PEG degradado, analisada por GPC, cai para metade do seu valor inicial com um aumento concomitante na polidispersidade e número médio de quebra de cadeia (S). Essa queda acentuada caracteriza uma quebra de cadeia aleatória, formando oligômeros e etilenoglicóis de menor massa molar. A análise da fotodegradação de etilenoglicóis modelo por HPLC permitiu sugerir um mecanismo que envolve processos consecutivos, em que etilenoglicóis maiores originam menores, sucessivamente. A fotodegradação do etilenoglicol formou ácidos carboxílicos de baixa massa molar, como por exemplo os ácidos glicólico, oxálico e fórmico.FAPESPCNP

Phenolic acids and derivatives: studies on the relationship among structure, radical scavenging activity, and physicochemical parameters

The antiradical activity of caffeic acid (1), dihydrocaffeic acid (5), and their corresponding n-alkyl esters was evaluated by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH(*)) method. Dihydrocaffeic acid (5) was the most potent compound, having an antiradical effect higher than that of (+/-)-alpha-tocopherol, whereas caffeic acid (1) was less efficient. Esterification of the carboxyl group of dihydrocaffeic acid (5) had a dramatic effect on its antiradical potency, but similar effects were not observed for caffeic acid (1) derivatives. The n-alkyl esters of both phenolic series had similar potencies, and their antiradical activities were independent of the alkyl chain length. Dose-dependent scavenger effects were found in both series. Acid-base properties of the compounds, evaluated by using potentiometry and spectrophotometry, showed that the catechol moiety had pK(a2) and pK(a3) values of 9. 24-9.02 and 11.38-10.99 in the dihydrocaffeic series and 8.48-8.24 and 11.38-11.07 in the caffeic series, respectively. Antiradical activity and pK(a) values of the compounds were not related.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio