DECOLORIZATION OF DISTILLERY EFFLUENT WASTE BY MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM

Aim: The effluent discharged from sugarcane molasses based distilleries causes environmental pollution due to its large volume and dark brown colour. The effluents also acifidys soils and causes harmful effects on agriculture crops. The objective of this work was the decolourization of molasses waste water from Doiwala sugar industry, Dehradun was done using different microbial consortiums. Methodology and Results: The microbial strains used in this study were obtained from IMTECH, Chandigarh. They were designated as A is E. coli, B is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, C is Staphylococcus aureus, D is Serritia odoriferae, E is Proteus vulgaris and F is Candida albicans. A total of six combinations were prepared using these strains i.e A+B, C+D, E+F, A+B+C, D+E+F and A+B+C+D+E+F. These consortiums were subjected to decolorization experiment of molasses waste water from Doiwala Sugar Factory, Dehradun, India at regular time interval by measuring the optical density. It was observed that at 7th day incubation in each case all consortiums showed maximum decolorization after which the percentage of decolorization was stable. It was also observed that the bacterial consortiums showed higher decolorization than the mixture of bacteria and fungi. Consortium C+D showed highest decolorization i.e. 89%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: it is recommended that industry should work with this consortium for decolorization of molasses containing wastewater to solve this environmental problem.

Industry survey of space system cost benefits from New Ways Of Doing Business

The cost of designing, building and operating space system hardware has always been expensive. Small quantities of specialty parts escalate engineering design, production and operations cost. Funding cutbacks and shrinking revenues dictate aggressive cost saving programs. NASA's highest priority is providing economical transportation to and from space. Over the past three decades NASA has seen technological advances that provide grater efficiencies in designing, building, and operating of space system hardware. As future programs such as NLS, LUTE and SEI begin, these greater efficiencies and cost savings should be reflected in the cost models. There are several New Ways Of Doing Business (NWODB) which, when fully implemented will reduce space system costs. These philosophies and/or culture changes are integrated in five areas: (1) More Extensive Pre-Phase C/D & E, (2) Multi Year Funding Stability, (3) Improved Quality, Management and Procurement Processes, (4) Advanced Design Methods, and (5) Advanced Production Methods. Following is an overview of NWODB and the Cost Quantification Analysis results using an industry survey, one of the four quantification techniques used in the study. The NWODB Cost Quantification Analysis is a study performed at Marshall Space Flight Center by the Engineering Cost Group, Applied Research Incorporated and Pittsburg State University. This study took place over a period of four months in mid 1992. The purpose of the study was to identify potential NWODB which could lead to improved cost effectiveness within NASA and to quantify potential cost benefits that might accrue if these NWODB were implemented

Monitoring of color and pH in muscles of pork leg (m. adductor and m. semimembranosus)

In order to identify PSE pork meat, pH and color testing was performed directly in a cutting plant (72 hours post mortem) in this research. Specifically pork leg muscles musculi adductor (AD) and semimembranosus (SM) from five selected suppliers (A, B, C, D, E) were examined. Twenty samples of meat for each muscle were examined from each supplier. The measured pH values ranged from 5.43 to 5.63, and the L* values from 46.13 to 57.18. No statistically significant differences in pH values and color were detected among the various suppliers with the exception of the a* and b* parameters for two suppliers, namely A and B (p<0.01). On the contrary, a statistically significant difference (p<0.5) was recorded between individual muscles (AD/SM) across all the suppliers (A, B, C, D, E) with the exception of a* parameter from suppliers B, C, D, E, and pH values for the E supplier. Our results revealed that individual muscles differ in values of pH and color. In comparison with literature, pH and lightness L* values in musculus adductor point to PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat, while the values of musculus semimebranosus to RFN (red, firm and non-exudative). Use of PSE meat in production of meat products can cause several problems. In particular, it causes light color, low water-holding capacity, poor fat emulsifying ability, lower yield, granular or crumbly texture and poor consistency of the finished product. Therefore classification of the meat directly cutting plant may be possible solution for this problem. The finished product pruduces from muscles of musculi semimembranosus can obtain better quality than the finished product from musculi adductor

Determination of Anthraquinone Content in Lac Dye Through Combined Spectrophotometry and HPCE

AbstractThis study is aim to establish the method for determination of anthraquinone content in lac dye with the combined spectrophotometry and HPCE, With the 0.5%Mg(Ac)2-CH3OH solution as the colour-developing agent, the carminic acid concentration within the concentration of 5∼50μg/mL presents a good linear relationship with the absorbance under the wavelength of 540nm (R=0.9994). Through the test, the results showed that the total anthraquinone content in lac dye was 82.13%, average recovery rate 97.80%, RSD 1.31%. Under 291nm detection wavelength and 25°C column temperature, with pH8.035 60mmol/LNa2HPO4-Na2B4O7 • 10H2O mixed buffer as background electrolyte and 60cm × 75μm uncoated capillary column as separation lanes, separation voltage 20kV, pressure 0.5psi × 10s for sample injection, the relative contents of five components laccaic acids A, B, C, D, E were measured by peak area normalization method; combined with the spectrophotometry, the contents of five anthraquinone components - laccaic acids A, B, C, D, E were determined, respectively 40.42%, 17.66%, 2.54%, 1.51%, 20.00%

The European Commission's Science and Knowledge Service Joint Research Centre - Evaluation of its relations with industry

A panel of high-level experts from the world of industry and business evaluated the JRC’s relationship with European industry. They see the JRC as the Science and Knowledge Service of the European Commission fulfilling its roles and functions in ‘science for policy’, running a nuclear research programme and emulating the unique pan-European public research and technology organisation (RTO). Many of the EU policies, regulations and standards supported by the JRC have a direct influence on industrial performance, competitiveness and the functioning of the internal market. Hence, the question whether there is scope for enhancing the JRC’s relationships with industry receives a solid ‘yes’ as an answer. The panel expresses the wish that the report facilitates a more effective relationship in the future. The report concludes with detailed advice and suggestions to achieve further success, grouped in three headline recommendations: • Organise specific operational improvement • Work more consciously with industry • Take initiative to enhance the EU innovation ecosystemJRC.DDG2-Deputy Director-General in charge of Directorates B,C,D,E,F,

Tests on light beams of cold formed steel for the American Iron and Steel Institute

I. SCOPE OF THIS REPORT Failure tests on two specimens each of beam type A, B, C, D, E, F, G, have been carried out. The lengthy final evaluation of the results will be given in a later report. However, the results of the tests reported herein allow the drawing of rather definite conclusions

Work Arrangements in the Australian Meat Processing Industry

The labour market research report, Work Arrangements in the Australian Meat Processing Industry, was released on 9 October 1998. Four appendices (C, D, E and F), which were not released as part of the original report, were added to the web version of the report on 11 December 2001. Meat processing is an important manufacturing activity in Australia. The industry directly employs around 27 500 people, and labour represents a large proportion of the cost of production at the processing stage. As such, the cost and productivity of labour is an important determinant of firm performance and competitiveness. In recent years, increased competitive pressure on domestic and export markets has led to some rationalisation in the industry and, with a more facilitative regulatory environment, has brought changes in work arrangements as firms strive to improve their performance. This study examines selected work arrangements and assesses their implications for the performance of meat processing enterprises. The effects on employees are also considered, and the scope to achieve further necessary change is analysed. The study has drawn on information obtained from detailed discussions with industry representatives (including several meat processors), as well as previous industry studies