Pensacola in the War for Southern Independence

Patriotic ardor grew steadily in Pensacola during the latter part of 1860 and reached a height when Florida seceded from the Union on January 10, 1861. Two companies of volunteers had already been organized there: the Pensacola Guards with A. H. Bright as captain, and the Rifle Rangers, Edward A. Perry, captain

Challenges and Opportunities in Rural Nursing Preceptorship: What Multimedia Participant Action Reveals (Défis et possibilités du préceptorat infirmier en milieu rural : ce qu’une participation multimédia révèle)

Background: Rural health care sites struggle to attract new nurses, owing to a widespread perception that the hardships of rural practice far outweigh the benefits. Preceptorships are a key means of recruiting nursing staff to rural locations, but innovative, firsthand messaging is needed to promote rural preceptorships and nursing careers. Objectives: The researchers sought to elicit compelling, multimedia, firsthand accounts of the challenges and opportunities of rural preceptorship through participant action. Additional goals were to explore the ways in which participants reify their experiences through digital media, and the potential for digitally-based participant action research to empower participants. Methods: The study was designed to engage participants in all phases of research: data collection, analysis, and dissemination of findings. It comprised three phases, each employing participant action methodology: photovoice data collection, collaborative thematic analysis, and authorship of digital stories. Participants: Through purposive and snowball sampling, the researchers recruited seven nursing students and five rural, registered nurses assigned to precept them. Inclusion criteria for the students were enrolment in the senior (final) preceptorship course prior to graduation, and the choice of a rural, semirural or suburban site. No exclusion criteria were warranted owing to the limited cohort of participants. Settings: Data were collected at six acute care sites and one community care site. The sites were rural, semi-rural and suburban, serving populations ranging from 800 to 18,000, between 42 km and 416 km distant from the students’ primary place of study. Results: It was found that rural preceptorships teach students to accept and manage limitations, while appreciating and capitalizing on opportunities; this finding was equally true for nominally suburban and semi-rural sites included in the study. Emerging from the interviews, challenges, being more concrete, were reflected in photographic data, while opportunities were more abstract and relational. Citing time constraints, most participants declined to author their own digital stories. Conclusions: Digitally-based participant action enables nurse preceptors and their students to make a compelling case for rural preceptorships and rural careers. However, digital media may also distort these participants’ experiences, and their involvement in all phases of research may be more burdensome than empowering. Résumé Contexte : Les établissements de soins de santé ruraux peinent à attirer de nouvelles infirmières en raison d’une perception répandue voulant que les inconvénients de la pratique en milieu rural dépassent de loin ses avantages. Si les stages avec préceptorat représentent un moyen essentiel pour recruter de nouvelles infirmières en milieu rural, un message novateur, à partir de l’expérience vécue, est nécessaire pour promouvoir le préceptorat et la carrière dans ce milieu. Objectifs : L’étude avait pour but de recueillir des témoignages éloquents, livrés directement par les participantes au moyen de divers médias, sur les défis et les possibilités du préceptorat en milieu rural, selon une approche participative. Elle visait également à explorer les méthodes utilisées par les participantes pour rendre leurs expériences sur un support numérique, ainsi que le potentiel d’habilitation d’une recherche participative par voie numérique pour les participantes. Méthodologie : Le devis de l’étude favorisait l’engagement des participantes dans toutes les phases de la recherche, soit la collecte et l’analyse des données, ainsi que la diffusion des résultats. Elle comprenait trois phases, chacune étant menée selon l’approche de recherche participative : collecte de données par la méthode Photovoice, analyse thématique collaborative et rédaction comme auteures des récits numériques. Participantes : Par échantillonnage intentionnel et boule de neige, les chercheuses ont recruté sept étudiantes en sciences infirmières et leurs préceptrices, soit cinq infirmières pratiquant en milieu rural. Les critères d’inclusion des étudiantes comprenaient l’inscription au dernier stage avec préceptorat avant l’obtention du diplôme, ainsi que la sélection d’un établissement rural, semi-rural ou suburbain. Compte tenu du caractère limité de la cohorte de participantes, les chercheuses n’ont retenu aucun critère d’exclusion. Milieux : La cueillette des données s’est déroulée dans six établissements de soins de courte durée et un établissement de soins communautaires. Ces sites desservaient de 800 à 18 000 personnes et étaient établis en zone rurale, semi-rurale et suburbaine, de 42 à 416 km de l’établissement d’enseignement principal des étudiantes. Résultats : L’étude indique que le préceptorat rural apprend aux étudiantes à accepter et à gérer les contraintes tout en appréciant et en exploitant les possibilités; ce résultat s’est aussi avéré pour les emplacements suburbains et semi-ruraux inclus dans l’étude. Les défis soulevés dans les entrevues, plutôt concrets, ont été illustrés par les données photographiques, alors que les possibilités identifiées étaient de nature abstraite et relationnelle. Évoquant la contrainte de temps, la plupart des participantes ont décliné la rédaction de leur propre récit numérique. Conclusions : La recherche participative par voie numérique permet aux infirmières préceptrices et à leurs étudiantes de livrer un vibrant plaidoyer en faveur du préceptorat et de la carrière en milieu rural. Cependant, les médias numériques peuvent aussi altérer l’expérience des participantes, et leur implication dans toutes les phases de la recherche peut constituer un fardeau plutôt qu’un facteur d’habilitation

A collective effort to identify and quantify geo-energy risks

The increasing global demand for energy and the imminent need to reduce carbon emissions in our planet has led mankind to find new solutions. Some in the energy industry have taken special interest in geothermal reservoirs, a resource with the potential to provide large amounts of renewable energy. Meanwhile, the storage of carbon dioxide in underground geological formations presents a fantastic opportunity to discard CO2 and mitigate global warming. This study links efforts from academic institutions, industry energy operators, industrial partners and research institutes to answer fundamental scientific questions that can help us understand the subsurface and generate better exploitation practices. We examine the geology of reservoirs used for geothermal energy extraction and carbon dioxide capture. We use a combination of field geology, photogrammetry, mineral analysis and experimental rock mechanics to understand fracture networks and fluid flow paths of two geologically diverse reservoirs in Europe: 1) the Hengill geothermal system in south-west Iceland, and 2) the Carnmenellis granite geothermal system in Cornwall (UK). These results aim to provide experimental data to refine numerical models predicting fluid flow and contribute to the quantification of the associated risks of exploiting the subsurface

“Tales and Adventures”: G.A. Henty’s Union Jack and the Competitive World of Publishing for Boys in the 1880s’

In the competitive publishing environment of the late nineteenth century, writers and magazines had to distinguish themselves carefully from potential rivals. This article examines how G.A. Henty’s quality boys’ weekly, Union Jack (1880-83), attempted to secure a niche in the juvenile publishing market by deliberately distinguishing itself from other papers as a literary, imperialist and “healthy” publication. The article explores the design and marketing techniques of the magazine, its status as a fiction paper, the high calibre of its contributors, and its aggressive rhetoric in targeting an exclusively masculine audience. It argues that while Union Jack was marketed as a niche publication, it eventually failed to distinguish itself sufficiently to survive in an extremely competitive environment

Reactivation of Fault Systems by Compartmentalized Hydrothermal Fluids in the Southern Andes Revealed by Magnetotelluric and Seismic Data

In active volcanic arcs such as the Andean volcanic mountain belt, magmatically‐sourced fluids are channelled through the brittle crust by faults and fracture networks. In the Andes, volcanoes, geothermal springs and major mineral deposits have a spatial and genetic relationship with NNE‐trending, margin‐parallel faults and margin‐oblique, NW‐trending Andean Transverse Faults (ATF). The Tinguiririca and Planchón‐Peteroa volcanoes in the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) demonstrate this relationship, as their spatially associated thermal springs show strike alignment to the NNE‐oriented El Fierro Thrust Fault System. We constrain the fault system architecture and its interaction with volcanically sourced hydrothermal fluids using a combined magnetotelluric (MT) and seismic survey that was deployed for 20 months. High conductivity zones are located along the axis of the active volcanic chain, delineating fluids and/or melt. A distinct WNW‐trending cluster of seismicity correlates with resistivity contrasts, considered to be a reactivated ATF. Seismicity occurs below 4 km, suggesting activity is limited to basement rocks, and the cessation of seismicity at 9 km delineates the local brittle‐ductile transition. As seismicity is not seen west of the El Fierro fault, we hypothesize that this structure plays a key role in compartmentalizing magmatically‐derived hydrothermal fluids to the east, where the fault zone acts as a barrier to cross‐fault fluid migration and channels fault‐parallel fluid flow to the surface from depth. Increases in fluid pressure above hydrostatic may facilitate reactivation. This site‐specific case study provides the first three‐dimensional seismic and magnetotelluric observations of the mechanics behind the reactivation of an ATF