Synthesis of N-(6-(4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl) benzenesulfonamide Derivatives for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a widely prevalent multifactorial disorder associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. High plasma levels of insulin and glucose due to insulin resistance are a major component of the metabolic disorder. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent PPARγ ligand and used as insulin sensitizers in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They are potent insulin-sensitizing agents but due to adverse effects like hepatotoxicity, a safer alternative of TZDs is highly demanded. Here we report synthesis of N-(6-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives as an alternate remedy for insulin resistance

Achiote (Bixa orellana L.) : a natural source of pigment and vitamin E

Commercialization of agricultural products, including seeds and its derived products, represents an important economic source for developing countries. Natural colorants obtained from the seeds of achiote plant (annatto) have been used since pre-Hispanic times. Also, production of this crop has been important for Mayan cuisine. Annual world production of achiote seeds is approximately 14,500 tons (dry weight). Two thirds of the production is commercialized as dried seeds and the rest as colorant. Latin America produces 60% of the total world production, followed by Africa (27%) and Asia (12%). The main producers in Latin America are Peru, Brazil and Mexico. The purpose of the present paper is to review the most recent literature on Bixa orellana L. focusing on bixin, norbixin, tocotrienols and tocopherols biosynthesis, use and industrial applications of annatto extracts, as well as its nutraceutical potential and its benefits for human health.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Raddatz-Mota, Denise. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud; MéxicoFil: Pérez Flores, Laura J. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud; MéxicoFil: Carrari, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mendoza-Espinoza, José Alberto. Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México. Departamento de Biología Humana; MéxicoFil: Díaz de León-Sánchez, Fernando. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud; MéxicoFil: Pinzón-López, Luis L. Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal; MéxicoFil: Godoy-Hernández, Gregorio. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Rivera Cabrera, Fernando. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud; Méxic

Tocotrienol is a cardioprotective agent against ageing-associated cardiovascular disease and its associated morbidities

Abstract Ageing is a nonmodifiable risk factor that is linked to increased likelihood of cardiovascular morbidities. Whilst many pharmacological interventions currently exist to treat many of these disorders such as statins for hypercholesterolemia or beta-blockers for hypertension, the elderly appear to present a greater likelihood of suffering non-related side effects such as increased risk of developing new onset type 2 diabetes (NODM). In some cases, lower efficacy in the elderly have also been reported. Alternative forms of treatment have been sought to address these issues, and there has been a growing interest in looking at herbal remedies or plant-based natural compounds. Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the manifestation of ageing-related cardiovascular disease. Thus, it is natural that a compound that possesses both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities would be considered. This review article examines the potential of tocotrienols, a class of Vitamin E compounds with proven superior antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity compared to tocopherols (the other class of Vitamin E compounds), in ameliorating ageing-related cardiovascular diseases and its associated morbidities. In particular, the potential of tocotrienols in improving inflammaging, dyslipidemia and mitochondrial dysfunction in ageing-related cardiovascular diseases are discussed