6,208 research outputs found
Small-scale dynamos on the solar surface: dependence on magnetic Prandtl number
The question of possible small-scale dynamo action in the surface layers of
the Sun is revisited with realistic 3D MHD simulations. As in other MHD
problems, dynamo action is found to be a sensitive function of the magnetic
Prandtl number ; it disappears below a critical
value which is a function of the numerical resolution. At a
grid spacing of 3.5 km, based on the hyperdiffusivities
implemented in the code (STAGGER) is , increasing with increasing
grid spacing. As in other settings, it remains uncertain whether small scale
dynamo action is present in the astrophysical limit where
and magnetic Reynolds number . The question is discussed in the
context of the strong effect that external stray fields are observed to have in
generating and maintaining dynamo action in other numerical and laboratory
systems, and in connection with the type-II hypertransient behavior of dynamo
action observed in the absence of such external fields
Brightness of the Sun's small scale magnetic field: proximity effects
The net effect of the small scale magnetic field on the Sun's (bolometric)
brightness is studied with realistic 3D MHD simulations. The direct effect of
brightening within the magnetic field itself is consistent with measurements in
high-resolution observations. The high 'photometric accuracy' of the
simulations, however, reveal compensating brightness effects that are hard to
detect observationally. The influence of magnetic concentrations on the
surrounding nonmagnetic convective flows (a 'proximity effect') reduces the
brightness by an amount exceeding the brightening by the magnetic
concentrations themselves. The net photospheric effect of the small scale field
(~ -0.34% at a mean flux density of 50 G) is thus negative. We conclude that
the main contribution to the observed positive correlation between the magnetic
field and total solar irradiance must be magnetic dissipation in layers around
the temperature minimum and above (not included in the simulations). This
agrees with existing inferences from observations
Spiral-shaped wavefronts in a sunspot umbra
Solar active regions show a wide variety of oscillatory phenomena. The
presence of the magnetic field leads to the appearance of several wave modes,
whose behavior is determined by the sunspot thermal and magnetic structure. We
aim to study the relation between the umbral and penumbral waves observed at
the high photosphere and the magnetic field topology of the sunspot.
Observations of the sunspot in active region NOAA 12662 obtained with the
GREGOR telescope (Observatorio del Teide, Spain) were acquired on 2017 June 17.
The data set includes a temporal series in the Fe I 5435 \AA\ line obtained
with the imaging spectrograph GREGOR Fabry-P\'erot Interferometer (GFPI) and a
spectropolarimetric raster map acquired with the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph
(GRIS) in the 10830 \AA\ spectral region. The Doppler velocity deduced from the
restored Fe I 5435 \AA\ line has been determined, and the magnetic field vector
of the sunspot has been inferred from spectropolarimetric inversions of the Ca
I 10839 \AA\ and the Si I 10827 \AA\ lines. A two-armed spiral wavefront has
been identified in the evolution of the two-dimensional velocity maps from the
Fe I 5435 \AA\ line. The wavefronts initially move counterclockwise in the
interior of the umbra, and develop into radially outward propagating running
penumbral waves when they reach the umbra-penumbra boundary. The horizontal
propagation of the wavefronts approximately follows the direction of the
magnetic field, which shows changes in the magnetic twist with height and
horizontal position. The spiral wavefronts are interpreted as the visual
pattern of slow magnetoacoustic waves which propagate upward along magnetic
field lines. Their apparent horizontal propagation is due to their sequential
arrival to different horizontal positions at the formation height of the Fe I
5435 \AA\ line, as given by the inclination and orientation of the magnetic
field.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Collective Quartics and Dangerous Singlets in Little Higgs
Any extension of the standard model that aims to describe TeV-scale physics
without fine-tuning must have a radiatively-stable Higgs potential. In little
Higgs theories, radiative stability is achieved through so-called collective
symmetry breaking. In this letter, we focus on the necessary conditions for a
little Higgs to have a collective Higgs quartic coupling. In one-Higgs doublet
models, a collective quartic requires an electroweak triplet scalar. In
two-Higgs doublet models, a collective quartic requires a triplet or singlet
scalar. As a corollary of this study, we show that some little Higgs theories
have dangerous singlets, a pathology where collective symmetry breaking does
not suppress quadratically-divergent corrections to the Higgs mass.Comment: 4 pages; v2: clarified the existing literature; v3: version to appear
in JHE
Algebraic methods for dynamic systems
Algebraic methods for application to dynamic control system
Natural flood management: Opportunities to implement nature‐based solutions on privately owned land
The implementation of Natural Flood Management (NFM), as an example of a nature‐based solution (NbS), is promoted as a risk reduction strategy to support sustainable flood risk management and climate change adaptation more widely. Additionally, as an NbS, NFM aims to provide further multiple benefits, such as increased biodiversity and improved water quality as well as improved mental health. The implementation of NbS often needs private‐owned or managed land, yet can create conflicts between the different stakeholders which can undermine the social consensus required for successful implementation. Consequently, a main question is how the multiple benefits and requirements of NFM can be delivered to meet the different goals of the wide variety of stakeholders who must be involved. This article discusses the challenges and potential of implementing NFM as an alternative to the traditional technical mitigation measures in flood risk management. We outline four opportunities in the implementation of NFM: physical conditions of the catchment, social interaction, financial resources, and institutional setting. Their importance is then demonstrated and compared to different examples across the globe. Nevertheless, the core drivers reflect the social interaction and institutional setting and the role of stakeholders in the successful implementation of NFM
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