A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF CHIRAVILWADI KASHAYAM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARSHAS W.S.R. TO INTERNO-EXTERNAL HAEMORRHOIDS

Arshas is one of the most common Ano-rectal disorders. Yet a perfect treatment modality without side effects and with long term relief has been a challenge. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned four treatment methods for Arshas such as Aushadha, Kshara, Agni and Shastra karma. Among the four modes of treatments mentioned, Aushadha causes the least discomfort to the patient psychologically, physically and economically. Hence effective management of Arshas using an Aushadha is needed. Objectives: The study is aimed to evaluate the effect of Chiravilwadi kashayam in the management of Arshas w.s.r. to Interno-external Haemorrhoids. Method: It is a single blind, pre test & post test design where 30 cases diagnosed as Arshas w.s.r. Interno-external Haemorrhoids were selected and recorded. Result: Internal administration of Chiravilwadi Kashayam for a month with a pinch of Saindhava and Luke warm water as Anupana showed highly significant result in reduction of the signs and symptoms of Arshas. Interpretation: The clinical symptoms of Arshas is Bleeding per rectum, Mass per rectum, Constipation, Pain, Pruritus and Aruchi. Arshas is a Tridoshaja Vyadhi which is seen mainly in people with irregular food habits and sedentary lifestyle. Hence Arshogna Drug along with proper intake of leafy green fibrous food is ideal. Conclusion: Chiravilwadi Kashayam is an excellent remedy for Arshoroga. The combination of Chiravilwadi Kashayam has all the qualities required for Arshogna dravya which are Anulomana, Ama pachana, Agni Deepana property and importantly Arshogna property. &nbsp

Antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi isolated from Nerium oleander L.

Endophytic fungi found inside the plant tissue are endosymbionts, protecting their host from pests, pathogens, etc. Twenty eight endophytic fungi were isolated from different parts of Nerium oleander L., out of which, 54 of isolates were from flower, 39 from stem and 7 from leaf parts. Thirty six percent of the isolates showed antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens. The potential isolates such as Fusarium semitectum (Nof-3), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Nof-7), Alternaria alternata (Nof-8) and Mycelia Sterilia sp.1 (Nos-6) were subjected to the production and extraction of secondary metabolites. All the four fungal extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus at 20 μg/mL (MIC). Extracts of C. gloeosporioides and Mycelia Sterilia sp.1 showed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at MIC of 20 μg/mL. The growth of Escherichia coli was suppressed by all the tested extracts at MIC of 20 μg/mL except F. semitectum. A. alternata & Mycelia Sterilia sp.1 extracts were active against Salmonella typhimurium at 20 μg/mL. The growth of Candida albicans was inhibited by Mycelia Sterilia sp.1 at 20 μg/mL. The zones of inhibition were statistically significant with respective positive controls

A Study on Abstractive Summarization Techniques in Indian Languages

AbstractNatural Language Processing is a vast area which has great importance when people started to interpret human language from one form to another. Summarization is one of the research works in NLP which concentrates on providing meaningful summary using various NLP tools and techniques. Since huge amount of information is used across the digital world, it is highly essential to have automatic summarization techniques. Extractive and Abstractive summarization are the two summarization techniques available. A lot of research works are being carried out in this area especially in extractive summarization. Even though more works are carried out using extractive method, meaningful summary can be attained using abstractive summary techniques which make it more complex. In Indian languages, very few works are carried out in the field of abstractive summarization and there is high need for having research works being carried out in this area. Here, we are concentrating on the various techniques available for abstractive summarization and also try to explain the limited works currently available in abstractive summary field of Indian languages

Automatic summarization of Malayalam documents using clause identification method

Text summarization is an active research area in the field of natural language processing. Huge amount of information in the internet necessitates the development of automatic summarization systems. There are two types of summarization techniques: Extractive and Abstractive. Extractive summarization selects important sentences from the text and produces summary as it is present in the original document. Abstractive summarization systems will provide a summary of the input text as is generated by human beings. Abstractive summary requires semantic analysis of text. Limited works have been carried out in the area of abstractive summarization in Indian languages especially in Malayalam. Only extractive summarization methods are proposed in Malayalam. In this paper, an abstractive summarization system for Malayalam documents using clause identification method is proposed. As part of this research work, a POS tagger and a morphological analyzer for Malayalam words in cricket domain are also developed. The clauses from input sentences are identified using a modified clause identification algorithm. The clauses are then semantically analyzed using an algorithm to identify semantic triples - subject, object and predicate. The score of each clause is then calculated by using feature extraction and the important clauses which are to be included in the summary are selected based on this score. Finally an algorithm is used to generate the sentences from the semantic triples of the selected clauses which is the abstractive summary of input documents

Does advanced maternal age influence obstetric outcome: a study in a tertiary care centre

Background: Advanced maternal age defined as age 35 years and older at estimated date of delivery has become increasingly common in last two to three decades. The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in 1958 recommended that all women going through their first pregnancy over the age of 35 years should be considered high risk for pregnancy and included in this category 1.Methods: A one-year prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital after institutional ethical clearance. All 165 women above 35yrs who delivered during this period were taken as Cohort 1. Same number of women aged between 20 and 34 years were randomly selected as comparison group (Cohort 2). Both the groups were compared in terms of preexisting medical disorders, obstetrical morbidities, antenatal complications, intrapartum complications.Results: Older and younger women had similar antenatal booking, occupational and socioeconomic status. The main reason for pregnancy at advanced age group was late marriage. The risk of chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-existing medical disorders were higher in advanced maternal age.Conclusions: Increasing maternal age is associated with elevated risks for pregnancy complications. They are at high risk for gestational diabetes, cesarean section and to have low birth weight babies. Since these women are at higher risk of complications, they should be advised to adhere to frequent antenatal visits and close supervision

Amylase production by endophytic fungi Cylindrocephalumsp. isolated from medicinal plant Alpinia calcarata (Haw.) Roscoe.

Amylases are among the most important enzymes used in modern biotechnology particularly in the process involving starch hydrolysis. Fungal amylase has large applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Considering these facts, endophytic fungi isolated from the plant Alpinia calcarata (Haw.) Roscoe were screened for amylolytic activity on glucose yeast extract peptone agar (GYP) medium. Among thirty isolates of endophytic fungi, isolate number seven identified as Cylindrocephalum sp. (Ac-7) showed highest amylolytic activity and was taken for further study. Influence of various physical and chemical factors such as pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources on amylase production in liquid media were studied. The maximal amylase production was found to be at 30(º)C and at pH 7.0 of the growth medium. Among the various carbon and nitrogen sources tested, maltose at 1.5% and Sodium nitrate at 0.3% respectively gave optimum amylase production

Satisfaction and maternal postnatal adjustments following different modes of delivery

Background: Childbirth has a profound influence in a women’s life. One factor that has been more consistently identified as influencing the women’s physical and psychological symptoms following childbirth is the mode of birth.  This study aims at figuring out on women’s satisfaction with their mode of delivery and what difficulties they faced in the immediate postnatal period accordingly.Methods: All women who delivered between the period 1st July 2019 to 1st August 2019 were interviewed with a pretested semi structured questionnaire on postnatal day two. Patient was asked how much they were satisfied with their mode of delivery, immediate postnatal adjustments like ambulation, holding the baby first time, initiation of breastfeeding and pain score following different modes of delivery. The data was analysed to find out which mode of delivery made women more comfortable in the immediate postnatal period.Results: A total 97.1% women were satisfied with the support they got from health care professionals during labour. But when compared, spontaneous vaginal delivery group were satisfied with their mode of delivery (P-value-0.0005 highly significant) than the rest. Women who had vaginal delivery were ahead of caesarean group in terms of ambulation, holding the baby, initiation of breastfeeding and were well adjusted in their postnatal period.Conclusions: Authors conclude that women in our study were more satisfied with spontaneous vaginal delivery than caesarean section which was reflected in their immediate postnatal adjustments. As obstetricians’ authors need to understand the empowering effects of the psychological experience of vaginal delivery. The benefits of this process can be maximized through good communication skills and emotional support for women, enhancing their confidence to deliver normally so that caesarean section is done only when really indicated

Caudal regression syndrome: a rare case report

Caudal regression syndrome is a rare disorder characterised by abnormal development of structures in the caudal region of the embryo like lower lumbar and sacral vertebrae, urogenital and lower gastrointestinal system. It is secondary to abnormal development of mesoderm. Multiple hypotheses like genetic, metabolic and vascular hypoperfusion have been proposed as etiologies. It can be picked up in early second trimester by ultrasound. It has a higher incidence in diabetic pregnancies

Correlation of intra partum electronic fetal monitoring with neonatal outcome

Background: The importance of fetal monitoring during labour has been realized since long. The stress of uterine contractions may affect the fetus adversely especially if the fetus is already compromised, when the placental reserves are suboptimal, or when cord undergoes compression as in those associated with diminished liquor amnii or iatrogenic uterine hyperstimulation due to injudicious use of oxytocin. Even a fetus which is apparently normal in the antenatal period may develop distress during labour. Hence fetal monitoring during antepartum and intrapartum periods is of vital importance for timely detection of fetal distress so that appropriate management may be offered.Methods: This study was a prospective observational study included 100 patients of more than 34 weeks period of gestation were divided into two groups. Patients in labour were analyzed on an Electronic Monitor. Delivery conducted was either by vaginal route, instrumental or by caesarean section depending upon the fetal heart rate tracings and their interpretations as per the case. At the time of delivery umbilical cord blood was taken for the pH analysis. All new born babies were seen by the paediatrician immediately after the delivery and 1 and 5 minute APGAR score assessed for the delivered baby. The various EFM Patterns obtained were compared with the neonatal status at birth using the parameters already mentioned. The false positives and false negatives if any were tabulated. Data so obtained was analyzed statistically thereafter. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 13.0 was used for the purpose of analysis.Results: Results revealed that among the 50 subjects of the case group, 7 subjects showed the absence of the beat to beat variability, 12 subjects showed early deceleration, 32 subjects showed late deceleration, and 6 subjects showed the presence of variable deceleration. No significant association of beat to beat variability, early and variable deceleration could be established with meconium staining/NICU admissions/low APGAR. A significant positive association between persistent late deceleration with MSL, APGAR <7 at 1 min, and Instrumental/LSCS delivery was seen. A significant positive association between any CTG abnormality and APGAR at 1 min, type of delivery, and meconium staining was seen.Conclusions: EFM should be used judiciously. Cardiotocography machines are certainly required in the labour room. Equally important is the proper interpretation of the CTG tracings so that unjustified caesarean sections can be minimized, at the same time picking up cases of fetal distress in time which is likely to improve fetal outcome

Clinical Application of MR Spectroscopy in Identifying Biochemical Composition of the Intracranial Pathologies

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides useful information regarding metabolic composition in the tissues, and advanced spectroscopic methods are used to quantify markers of tumor membrane turnover and proliferation (e.g., choline (Cho)), energy homoeostasis (e.g., creatine (Cr)), intact glioneuronal structures (e.g., N-acetylaspartate (NAA)), and necrosis (e.g., lactate (Lac) or lipids). Results are usually expressed as metabolite ratios rather than absolute metabolite concentrations. Because glial tumors have some specific metabolic characteristics that differ according to the grade of tumor, there is a potential for MR spectroscopy to increase the sensitivity of routinely used diagnostic imaging. MRS also has many diagnostic applications in neurosciences to support the diagnosis in conditions like demyelination, infections, and dementia and in postradiotherapy cases. Biochemical changes in the metabolism of tumor cells related to malignant transformation are reflected in changes of particular metabolite concentration in the tumor tissue. Our prospective study aimed to analyze the usefulness of proton MR spectroscopy in grading of glioma and to correlate various metabolite ratios like choline/creatine, choline/N-acetylaspartate, N-acetylaspartate/creatine, and lactate/creatine with the histopathological grades of glioma