Peningkatan Tekanan Air Pori Akibat Pemancangan Pondasi Tiang

Aktivitas pemancangan akan meningkatkan tekanan air pori dalam tanah di area sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemancangan dengan menggunakan jack piling system terhadap peningkatan air pori di area sekelilingnya. Pengumpulan data peningkatan tekanan air pori dilakukan dengan metode standpipe dan piezometer. Lokasi penelitian meliputi jalan Siwalanketro (U.K. Petra), jalan Jemursari (Hotel Yello) di Surabaya,serta jalan Kalimantan (Hotel Amaris) di Madiun. Dari hasil pengamatan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas pemancangan meningkatkan tekanan air pori dalam tanah di area sekitarnya. Peningkatan air pori pada proyek U.K. Petra mencapai 12 cm pada jarak 8 m untuk tiang tunggal. Pada proyek Hotel Yello, akumulasi peningkatan tekanan air pori mencapai 2,45 m pada 1-3 hari pemancangan tiang. Sedangkan pada proyek Hotel Amaris yang didominasi dengan lapisan tanah pasir, akumulasi peningkatan tekanan air pori pada 1 hari pemancangan tiang sekitar 1 m

Pengaruh Penggunaan Fly Ash Pada Soil – Cement

Soil cement telah umum digunakan untuk meningkatkan kondisi tanah liat lunak yang mempunyai daya dukung rendah dan penurunan yang besar. Penggunan semen dalam jumlah besar menyebabkan metode ini menjadi mahal. Pada penelitian ini, kadar semen dikurangi dengan penggunaan fly ash dengan kadar tertentu. 8 tangki dengan diameter 46 cm diisi dengan tanah liat lunak setinggi 75 cm, lalu soil cement column dibuat pada tanah liat lunak pada setiap tangki. Pencampuran soil cement dan variasi kadar fly ash menggunakan dua cara yaitu dengan bubuk semen + fly ash (BS) dan semen cair + fly ash (SC). Untuk kadar fly ash yang diteliti adalah 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% dari berat semen. Sampel dari tiap campuran soil cement dilakukan pengetesan UC test dan CBR test. Hasil UC test pada sampel 28 hari, untuk campuran BS dengan kadar 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% mencapai kekuatan sebesar 20.8, 14.3, 22.8, dan 17.3 (kg/cm2), sedangkan campuran SC mencapai kekuatan sebesar 15.9, 12.71, 10.83, dan 17.3 (kg/cm2). Selanjutnya nilai CBR dengan kadar fly ash 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% menghasilkan nilai sebesar 72.5%, 55.4%, 60.7%, dan 44.3% untuk BS, dan 52.3%, 53.9%, 60.7%, dan 42.7% untuk SC

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in a case of Danon disease

Danon disease is a rare X-linked dominant lysosomal glycogen storage disease that can lead to severe ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. We report a case of Danon disease with cardiac involvement evaluated with cardiovascular magnetic resonance, including late gadolinium enhancement and perfusion studies

Grain size-dependent magnetic and electric properties in nanosized YMnO3 multiferroic ceramics

Magnetic and electric properties are investigated for the nanosized YMnO3 samples with different grain sizes (25 nm to 200 nm) synthesized by a modified Pechini method. It shows that magnetic and electric properties are strongly dependent on the grain size. The magnetic characterization indicates that with increasing grain size, the antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition temperature increases from 52 to 74 K. A corresponding shift of the dielectric anomaly is observed, indicating a strong correlation between the electric polarization and the magnetic ordering. Further analysis suggests that the rising of AFM transition temperature with increasing grain size should be from the structural origin, in which the strength of AFM interaction as well as the electrical polarization is dependent on the in-plane lattice parameters. Furthermore, among all samples, the sample with grain size of 95 nm is found to have the smallest leakage current density (< 1 μA/cm2)

Analytical validation of a standardised scoring protocol for Ki67 immunohistochemistry on breast cancer excision whole sections: an international multicentre collaboration

Aims The nuclear proliferation marker Ki67 assayed by immunohistochemistry has multiple potential uses in breast cancer, but an unacceptable level of interlaboratory variability has hampered its clinical utility. The International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group has undertaken a systematic programme to determine whether Ki67 measurement can be analytically validated and standardised among laboratories. This study addresses whether acceptable scoring reproducibility can be achieved on excision whole sections. Methods and results Adjacent sections from 30 primary ER+ breast cancers were centrally stained for Ki67 and sections were circulated among 23 pathologists in 12 countries. All pathologists scored Ki67 by two methods: (i) global: four fields of 100 tumour cells each were selected to reflect observed heterogeneity in nuclear staining; (ii) hot-spot: the field with highest apparent Ki67 index was selected and up to 500 cells scored. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the global method [confidence interval (CI) = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.799-0.93] marginally met the prespecified success criterion (lower 95% CI >= 0.8), while the ICC for the hot-spot method (0.83; 95% CI = 0.74-0.90) did not. Visually, interobserver concordance in location of selected hot-spots varies between cases. The median times for scoring were 9 and 6 min for global and hot-spot methods, respectively. Conclusions The global scoring method demonstrates adequate reproducibility to warrant next steps towards evaluation for technical and clinical validity in appropriate cohorts of cases. The time taken for scoring by either method is practical using counting software we are making publicly available. Establishment of external quality assessment schemes is likely to improve the reproducibility between laboratories further

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for stage I lung cancer and small lung metastasis: evaluation of an immobilization system for suppression of respiratory tumor movement and preliminary results

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung tumors, reducing tumor movement is necessary. In this study, we evaluated changes in tumor movement and percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO₂) levels, and preliminary clinical results of SBRT using the BodyFIX immobilization system.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Between 2004 and 2006, 53 consecutive patients were treated for 55 lesions; 42 were stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 10 were metastatic lung cancers, and 3 were local recurrences of NSCLC. Tumor movement was measured with fluoroscopy under breath holding, free breathing on a couch, and free breathing in the BodyFIX system. SpO₂levels were measured with a finger pulseoximeter under each condition. The delivered dose was 44, 48 or 52 Gy, depending on tumor diameter, in 4 fractions over 10 or 11 days.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By using the BodyFIX system, respiratory tumor movements were significantly reduced compared with the free-breathing condition in both craniocaudal and lateral directions, although the amplitude of reduction in the craniocaudal direction was 3 mm or more in only 27% of the patients. The average SpO₂did not decrease by using the system. At 3 years, the local control rate was 80% for all lesions. Overall survival was 76%, cause-specific survival was 92%, and local progression-free survival was 76% at 3 years in primary NSCLC patients. Grade 2 radiation pneumonitis developed in 7 patients.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Respiratory tumor movement was modestly suppressed by the BodyFIX system, while the SpO₂level did not decrease. It was considered a simple and effective method for SBRT of lung tumors. Preliminary results were encouraging.</p