Evidence for Oriented Adsorption in the Monolayers of Glassy Silica Gel & Fibrous Silica Gel (Santocel C)

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Snow cover, snowmelt and runoff in the Himalayan River basins

Not withstanding the seasonal vagaries of both rainfall amount and snowcover extent, the Himalayan rivers retain their basic perennial character. However, it is the component of snowmelt yield that accounts for some 60 to 70 percent of the total annual flow volumes from Hamilayan watersheds. On this large hydropotential predominantly depends the temporal performance of hydropower generation and major irrigation projects. The large scale effects of Himalayan snowcover on the hydrologic responses of a few selected catchments in western Himalayas was studied. The antecedent effects of snowcover area on long and short term meltwater yields can best be analyzed by developing appropriate hydrologic models forecasting the pattern of snowmelt as a function of variations in snowcover area. It is hoped that these models would be of practical value in the management of water resources. The predictability of meltwater for the entire snowmelt season was studied, as was the concurrent flow variation in adjacent watersheds, and their hydrologic significance. And the applicability of the Snowmelt-Runoff Model for real time forecast of daily discharges during the major part of the snowmelt season is examined

Development of CGLARE: Design, Fabrication and Characterisation

Fibre Metal Laminates (FMLs) are hybrid materials consisting of metal layers bonded to fibre-reinforced polymer layers. CGLARE is an FML developed at NAL consisting of thin aluminum foil combined with carbon-epoxy and glass-epoxy prepreg materials. CGLARE is proposed as the candidate material for the leading edges of wing and empennage of an aircraft as it has superior characteristics in terms of shape retention (due to highly linearly elastic material like carbon/epoxy), energy absorption capability (due to layered structure and plastic deformation), lightning protection (due to the presence of aluminum layers), and also due to its cost effectiveness (lightweight construction and simple production techniques). This paper describes the issues regarding the development of CGLARE such as surface preparation of aluminum foils and bonding of aluminum with glass. Tensile, Compression, ILSS and Flexure testing of ASTM standard CGLARE specimens for different layups have been done. An important design issue is the internal residual stresses built into the laminate during curing due to differential coefficients of thermal expansion of the different material systems. The paper presents these results that indicate some properties of these material systems that could be exploited for energy absorption in the leading edges of the aircraft

Beneficiation of Gold Ore by Flotation Column: A Pilot Scale Study

During the first phase of the study, laboratory size flotation column was installed within the premises of flotation plant of M/s BGML to study the amenability of column technology for the benefIciation of gold. Encouraged by the results, semi-commercial flotation column designed and developed by NML Madras Centre was installed in the flotation circuit to evaluate its performance and also to instil confidence. The results obtained both by laboratory and semi-commercial size flotation columns clearly indicated that the columns can perform better than the conventional cells. It was observed that high quality concentrates assaying 40 to 50 ppm of gold could be achieved by flotation column, whereas conventional cells could produce hardly 10 to 15 ppm of gold concentrates

Physical Model Study of Inclined Twin Plate Submerged Breakwater

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Cytogenetic studies of F1 Hybrid Capsicum annuum L. x Capsicum chacoense (Hunz).

            Interspecific F1 hybrid between Capsicum annuum var. cerasiformis (cultivated) and Capsicum chacoense Hunz. (wild) was obtained. The F1 hybrid resembled C. chacoense parent more in gross morphological features such as growth habit, leaf structure and position, shape and size of the fruit. The mean chiasma frequency in the F1 hybrid was less compared to either of the parents indicating reduced homologies between the parental taxa. The meiotic studies further revealed that the two parents involved in the cross differed from each other by two translocations, an inversion and some minor structural alterations. The hybrid was weak and highly sterile (pollen and seed). Isolating mechanisms such as hybrid weakness and hybrid sterile on operative among the parental taxa

Studies in the formation of heterocyclic rings containing nitrogen. Part V. The position of nitro group in the 1:2-disubstituted benziminazole from 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and benzaldehyde

1-benzyl-2-phenyl-5-nitro benziminazole and 1-benzyl-2-phenyl-6-nitro benziminazole have been synthesised starting from N-benzyl-2:4-dinitro aniline and 2:5-dinitro aniline respectively. The 1:2-disubstituted benziminazole obtained by the condensation of 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine with benzaldehyde has been found to be identical with the 6-nitro benziminazole

Studies in the formation of heterocyclic rings containing nitrogen. Part VII. Condensation of 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine with aromatic aldehydes

On condensation with aromatic aldehydes 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine has been found to yield mono and disubstituted benziminazoles, as well as mono or dianils in a few cases. The formation of monosubstituted benziminazoles or monoanils in greater proportion in these condensations than in those with methyl and chloro diamines may be attributed to the predominating influence of the nitro group of the diamine. The results provide strong support to the step-wise mechanism for the formation of benziminazoles through the intermediate anils

Socio Economic Development of Coastal People Through Kappaphycus alverzii Farming Using Different Cultivation Methods in Tamil Nadu, Southeast Coast of India

Kappaphycus (a kappa carrageenan yielding red seaweed) cultivation was initiated in 1960 and by 1969 a farm was established by Marine colloids and MS Doty in Tawii Tawii province of Philippine waters. Following the success of its cultivation in Philippines, the same had been expanded worldwide. Kappaphycus alvarezii along with Kappaphycus striatum has been introduced in more than 20 tropical countries. Kappaphycus alone had been introduced in 26 countries. Its commercial cultivation is successfully going on in China, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Philippines and Tanzania. In India, a scientist from Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute (CSMCRI-CSIR), Bhavnagar, Gujarat was brought this alga from Japan though its original origin is from Philippines during 1984 for research and cultivation after following the necessary quarantine and introduction procedures. K. alvarezii was introduced in September 1995 at Thonithurai (Mandapam near Pamban Bridge), in the Gulf of Mannar waters, Tamilnadu, India. After repeated domestication and experimentation at Mandapam cultivation technology was transferred to PepsiCo India Holdings Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon in 2001 and expanded the same on the Palk Bay side of the Bay of Bengal. This cultivation was taken up by self-help groups (SHGs) for their livelihood. The present study deals with comparison of different cultivation methods of this alga and its economics in Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu, southeast coast of India. The income with the respective mean annual crop yield was calculated (US$=Rs. 66.00). It would be Rs 18257/- (US$ 277), Rs.16063/- (US$243) , Rs. 18217/- (US$ 276) and 20900/- (US$317) per month/ person in net enclosed open culture, raft culture, tubular culture and net bag culture respectively during the loan period and with the respective income of Rs. 19257/- (US$ 292) , Rs.18063/- (US$274), Rs. 19217/- (US$ 291) and Rs. 22400/- (US$ 339) per month/ person once the loan period (of three years) is over. In view of the commercial cultivation, we recommend net enclosed open culture in the shallow water, raft culture in the moderate wave motion areas and tubular culture & net bag culture in the open sea after analyzing the infra cost, replacement of the infra, cultivation operation, carrageenan yield and net income. The income might increase if the farmers maintain the farm well coupled with per kg cost increase by the buyer.Keywords: Kappaphycus alvarezii, Crop yield, Income, Coastal people, Seaweed, Cultivatio

Studies in the formation of heterocyclic rings containing nitrogen. Part IV. The position of chloro group in the 1:2-disubstituted benziminazole from 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine and benzaldehyde

5-chloro and 6-chloro, 1-benzyl-2-phenyl-benziminazoles have been synthesised starting from 4-chloro-2-nitro aniline and 5-chloro-2-nitro aniline respectively. The 1:2-disubstituted benziminazole obtained by the condensation of 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine with benzaldehyde has been found to be identical with the 5-chloro isomer