Neonatal cerebrovascular autoregulation.

Cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation is the physiologic mechanism that holds cerebral blood flow (CBF) relatively constant across changes in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Cerebral vasoreactivity refers to the vasoconstriction and vasodilation that occur during fluctuations in arterial blood pressure (ABP) to maintain autoregulation. These are vital protective mechanisms of the brain. Impairments in pressure autoregulation increase the risk of brain injury and persistent neurologic disability. Autoregulation may be impaired during various neonatal disease states including prematurity, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), intraventricular hemorrhage, congenital cardiac disease, and infants requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Because infants are exquisitely sensitive to changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), both hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion can cause significant neurologic injury. We will review neonatal pressure autoregulation and autoregulation monitoring techniques with a focus on brain protection. Current clinical therapies have failed to fully prevent permanent brain injuries in neonates. Adjuvant treatments that support and optimize autoregulation may improve neurologic outcomes

Programa de monitoramento de defeitos congênitos (PMDC) : experiência do estudo colaborativo latino-americano de malformações congênitas (ECLAMC) no HCPA

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Enteroparasite and vivax malaria co-infection on the Brazil-French Guiana border: Epidemiological, haematological and immunological aspects - Fig 1

<p>(a) Frequency-specific antibody response to PvMSP-1₁₉, as determined by ELISA. The subjects were grouped into responders and non-responders to the recombinant protein. (b) Prevalence of anti-PvMSP-₁₉ IgG antibodies in the studied groups. (c) PvMSP-1₁₉ reactivity index (RI) between the studied groups as expressed in box plot format, with individual data shown as points. Multiple correlations were made using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test (minimum to maximum values, P25%–P75% and median); significant differences were estimated using the median values for each group, and those with p < 0.05 were considered significant. ** p < 0.05, *** p = 0.001 and **** p < 0.001.</p