Glyphosate, Other Herbicides, And Transformation Products In Midwestern Streams, 2002

The use of glyphosate has increased rapidly, and there is limited understanding of its environmental fate. The objective of this study was to document the occurrence of glyphosate and the transformation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in Midwestern streams and to compare their occurrence with that of more commonly measured herbicides such as acetochlor, atrazine, and metolachlor. Water samples were collected at sites on 51 streams in nine Midwestern states in 2002 during three runoff events: after the application of pre-emergence herbicides, after the application of post-emergence herbicides, and during harvest season. All samples were analyzed for glyphosate and 20 other herbicides using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The frequency of glyphosate and AMPA detection, range of concentrations in runoff samples, and ratios of AMPA to glyphosate concentrations did not vary throughout the growing season as substantially as for other herbicides like atrazine, probably because of different seasonal use patterns. Glyphosate was detected at or above 0.1 μg/l in 35 percent of pre-emergence, 40 percent of post-emergence, and 31 percent of harvest season samples, with a maximum concentration of 8.7 μg/l. AMPA was detected at or above 0.1 μg/l in 53 percent of pre-emergence, 83 percent of post-emergence, and 73 percent of harvest season samples, with a maximum concentration of 3.6 μg/l. Glyphosate was not detected at a concentration at or above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s maximum contamination level (MCL) of 700 μg/l in any sample. Atrazine was detected at or above 0.1 μg/l in 94 percent of pre-emergence, 96 percent of postemergence, and 57 percent of harvest season samples, with a maximum concentration of 55 μg/l. Atrazine was detected at or above its MCL (3 μg/l) in 57 percent of pre-emergence and 33 percent of postemergence samples

Erhebung ueber das Auftreten von Pflanzenschutzmitteln in Trink- und Grundwaessern. Anlagenband A: T. 1

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F97B546 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekUmweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany); Bundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Differenzierung des Auftretens und der Herkunft von Pflanzenschutzmittelbelastungen in einem Flussgebiet im Hinblick auf die Trinkwasserversorgung

The pesticide input into two small tributaries of the river Ruhr was investigated. Both investigation sites are situated in the water protection area of Dortmunder Energie- und Wasserversorgung GmbH. A relevant part of pesticides in the surface water was due to non-agricultural application. The relative importance of these inputs was higher in the more settlement dominated catchment. Diuron could be found as a consequence of weed control both in railway tracks and in private and industrial grounds. Although major loads were detected after stormwater events, almost 30% of all Diuron inputs could be analyzed on days with precipitation below 2 mm/d and were bound to base flow. Following weed control in railway tracks Glyphosate occurred in surface water. In spite of the german application ban resp. missing approval Atrazine and Simazine could be found often but in minor concentration levels during research period between 1994 and 1996. However single findings with maximum concentration up to 2 #mu#g/l showed actual but forbidden, non-agricultural application of these pesticides. Crop herbicides Isoproturon and Chlortoluron as well as maize herbicide Terbuthylazine dominated agricultural pesticides results according to the main farming cultures in the catchment areas. Particularly Isoproturon and Chlortoluron occurrence was due to an input with base flow after an underground passage. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8422(1999,32) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Erhebung ueber das Auftreten von Pflanzenschutzmitteln in Trink- und Grundwaessern Langfassung

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RA 985(49a) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekUmweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Vorkommen von Pflanzenbehandlungs- und Schaedlingsbekaempfungsmitteln in Roh- und Trinkwaessern in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RA 985(58) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDeutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches e.V., Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Herbicides in river water across the northeastern Italy: occurrence and spatial patterns of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate ammonium

Glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium are the active ingredients of commonly used herbicides. Active agricultural lands extend over a large part of the Veneto region (Eastern Po Valley, Italy) and glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium are widely used. Consequently, surface waters can be potentially contaminated. This study investigates the occurrence of glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium as well as aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA, the degradation product of glyphosate) in river water of Veneto. Eighty-six samples were collected in 2015 at multiple sampling points across the region. Samples were analyzed for the two target herbicides, AMPA as well as for other variables, including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, hardness, BOD, COD, inorganic ions, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total suspended solids, arsenic, and lead. The average concentrations (all samples) were 0.17, 0.18, and 0.10 μg L−1 for glyphosate, AMPA, and glufosinate ammonium, respectively. The European upper tolerable level for pesticides (annual average 0.1 μg L−1) was often exceeded. Chemometric analysis was therefore applied to (i) investigate the relationships among water pollutants, (ii) detect the potential sources of water contamination, (iii) assess the effective water pollution of rivers by identifying river basins with anomalous pollution levels, and (iv) assess the spatial variability of detected sources. Factor analysis identified four factors interpreted as potential sources and processes (use of herbicides, leaching of fertilizers, urban/industrial discharges, and the biological activity on polluted or stagnant waters). A discriminant analysis revealed that the pollution from anthropogenic discharges is homogeneously present in surface water of Veneto, while biological activity and fertilizers present heterogeneous distributions. This study gives insights into the concentrations of herbicides in rivers flowing through a wide region that has heavy use of these chemicals in agriculture. The study also points out some hot-spots and suggests the future implementation of the current monitoring protocols and network