48 research outputs found

    Tsunami impact on shallow groundwater in the Ampara district in Eastern Sri Lanka: Conductivity measurements and qualitative interpretations

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    International audienceOn 26 December 2004 a massive earthquake registering 9.0 on the Richter scale struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. This was followed by one of the most important tsunamis in history, with an impact on the coastal area of nearly 15 countries. In Sri Lanka several thousand shallow wells were damaged and polluted by salt. The east coast of Sri Lanka was strongly affected during the tsunami. Many wells were damaged because of the intrusion of salt water. In order to determine the boundaries of the well area affected by salt and the long-term evolution of the salt concentration in the aquifer, an experimental study of conductivity was carried out. The mapping of the conductivity wells shows that conductivity is high only in the area directly affected by the wave. Data analysis shows that there is a slow natural recovery process, reducing conductivity. The process is a combination of the downward gravity flow of salt water combined with a lateral fresh water flow toward the sea, but this remains a local phenomenon with different behavior of wells in apparently similar situations

    Design and evaluation of a PCB dual−switch fuse with energetic materials embedded. Application for new fail−safe and fault−tolerant converters

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    International audiencen this paper, a new concept of passive dual-switch fuse is proposed, allowing to symmetrically disconnecting a switching cell against a leg short circuit failure. This device is composed of a di-phase fuse connected in series with a switching cell. It is made of standard printed circuit board, including in its thickness, an energetic material in order to assist the disconnection, combining a dual-fuse mode and a passive dual-switch mode. Firstly, we present the mechanical design of the dual-switch and the first tests of rupture by means of an energetic material buried. In a second step, we describe the design of the dual-fuse on PCB and electrothermal finite elements simulations by means of Comsol 3D TM. Finally, a combined dual-switch fuse prototype is fully integrated in a voltage source inverter and experimentally validated

    PCB dual-switch fuse with energetic materials embedded: Application for new fail-safe and fault-tolerant converters

    No full text
    International audienceIn this article a generic and passive dual-switch fuse is designed to symmetrically disconnect a switching cell against a leg short circuit failure. A compact FR4 copper tracks – PCB structure is proposed combining a dual-fuse mode and a passive dual-switch mode thanks to the integration of energetic material embedded in the thickness of the assembly. Firstly, we present the mechanical design of the dual-switch and the first tests of rupture by means of assisted an energetic material buried. In a second step, we describe the design of the dual-fuse on PCB and electrothermal finite elements simulations by means of Comsol 3D™. Finally, a combined dual-switch fuse prototype is fully integrated and validated at DC350V–AC15A in a voltage source inverter

    Design and evaluation of a PCB dual−switch fuse with energetic materials embedded. Application for new fail−safe and fault−tolerant converters

    No full text
    International audiencen this paper, a new concept of passive dual-switch fuse is proposed, allowing to symmetrically disconnecting a switching cell against a leg short circuit failure. This device is composed of a di-phase fuse connected in series with a switching cell. It is made of standard printed circuit board, including in its thickness, an energetic material in order to assist the disconnection, combining a dual-fuse mode and a passive dual-switch mode. Firstly, we present the mechanical design of the dual-switch and the first tests of rupture by means of an energetic material buried. In a second step, we describe the design of the dual-fuse on PCB and electrothermal finite elements simulations by means of Comsol 3D TM. Finally, a combined dual-switch fuse prototype is fully integrated in a voltage source inverter and experimentally validated
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