Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Katalis KOH pada Pembuatan Metil Ester dari Minyak Biji Ketapang (Terminalia Catappa Linn)

Penelitian mengenai karakteristik metil ester minyak biji ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn) dengan variasi konsentrasi katalis KOH telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi KOH optimum untuk pembuatan metil ester minyak biji ketapang dari variasi konsentrasi katalis KOH yaitu: 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; dan 3% dan mengukur karakteristik metil esternya dengan menggunakan metode ASTM (American Society for Testing Material). Parameter yang diukur meliputi indek setana, titik nyala, viskositas kinematika berat jenis, kadar sulfur, residu karbon dan berat jenis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi katalis KOH 2% menghasilkan metil ester optimum. Karakterisasi semua metil ester yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi katalis KOH memenuhi standar biodiesel untuk bahan bakar 1-D, yaitu berat jenis (0,8773- 0,8788 g/cm3), indek setana (46,95-47,42), residu karbon ( 0,01-0,09% berat), kadar sulfur (traces), viskositas kinematika metil ester (3,80-4,02 cSt)

Perception and use of social media by Indonesian adolescents and parents: A qualitative study

Social media are popular among adolescents worldwide, including the global South. The way adolescents use social media is influenced by their own perception of social media but also by how their parents use and perceive social media. This study aims to understand how Indonesian young adolescents (12–15 years old) and parents of adolescents use and perceive social media. For this purpose, we conducted eight focus group discussions and eight semi-structured interviews with 30 Indonesian adolescents and 15 Indonesian parents. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data reveals that both adolescents and parents use social media for social, practical, and pleasure activities. Most adolescents mention that they consider themselves skilled in using social media, while parents consider themselves less skilled. Both adolescents and parents mention that social media offer benefits for adolescents, including emotional, social, and practical benefits. However, adolescents and parents also mention the risks of social media use for adolescents, including social, emotional, and informational risks, as well as the displacement of more meaningful activities. As such, both adolescents and parents do not perceive social media as inherently good or bad but rather as a novel medium that offers benefits for adolescents but also involves several risks to be considered by parents and other relevant stakeholders. This study adds to our understanding of social media use in the global South and offers a theoretical basis for future studies on the impact of adolescents’ social media usage on wellbeing in an Indonesian context. However, future research is necessary to depict possible differences in social media use between Indonesia and other countries in the global South

Care-seeking and health insurance among pregnancy-related deaths: A population-based study in Jember District, East Java Province, Indonesia

Background Despite the increased access to facility-based delivery in Indonesia, the country’s maternal mortality remains unacceptably high. Reducing maternal mortality requires a good understanding of the care-seeking pathways for maternal complications, especially with the government moving toward universal health coverage. This study examined care-seeking practices and health insurance in instances of pregnancy-related deaths in Jember District, East Java, Indonesia. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study to identify all pregnancy-related deaths in the district from January 2017 to December 2018. Follow-up verbal and social autopsy interviews were conducted to collect information on care-seeking behavior, health insurance, causes of death, and other factors. Findings Among 103 pregnancy-related deaths, 40% occurred after 24 hours postpartum, 36% during delivery or within the first 24 hours postpartum, and 24% occurred while pregnant. The leading causes of deaths were hemorrhage (38.8%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (20.4%), and sepsis (16.5%). Most deaths occurred in health facilities (81.6%), primarily hospitals (74.8%). Nearly all the deceased sought care from a formal health provider during their fatal illness (93.2%). Seeking any care from an informal provider during the fatal illness was more likely among women who died after 24 hours postpartum (41.0%, OR 7.4, 95% CI 1.9, 28.5, p = 0.049) or during pregnancy (29.2%, OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.0, 19.2, p = 0.003) than among those who died during delivery or within 24 hours postpartum (8.6%). There was no difference in care-seeking patterns between insured and uninsured groups. Conclusions The fact that women sought care and reached health facilities regardless of their insurance status provides opportunities to prevent deaths by ensuring that every woman receives timely and quality care. Accordingly, the increasing demand should be met with balanced readiness of both primary care and hospitals to provide quality care, supported by an effective referral system

Foregone health care in adolescents from school and community settings in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Background Adolescence is a development period marked by the onset of a new set of health needs. The present study sought to quantify the prevalence of foregone care (not seeking medical care when needed) and identify which adolescents are at greater risk of having unmet healthcare needs. Methods A multi-stage random sampling strategy was used to recruit school participants (grade 10–12) in two provinces in Indonesia. Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit out-of-school adolescents in the community. All participants completed a self-reported questionnaire which measured healthcare seeking behaviours, psychosocial wellbeing, use of healthcare services, and perceived barriers to accessing healthcare. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to examine factors associated with foregone care. Findings A total of 2161 adolescents participated in the present study and nearly one in four adolescents reported foregone care in the past year. Experiences of poly-victimisation and seeking care for mental health needs increased the risk of foregone care. In-school adolescents who reported psychological distress [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.48–2.38] or had high body mass index (aRR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.00–1.57) were at greater risk of foregone care. The leading reason for foregone care was lack of knowledge of available services. In-school adolescents predominantly reported non-access barriers to care (e.g., perception of the health concern or anxiety about accessing care) whereas most out-of-school adolescents reported access barriers (e.g., did not know where to get care or could not pay). Interpretation Foregone care is common among Indonesian adolescents, especially in adolescents with mental and physical health risks. Differences between in-school and out-of-school adolescents suggest that interventions to promote appropriate healthcare use will need tailoring. Further research is needed to determine causal relationships around barriers in access to healthcare

HEAD AND FACIAL ANTHROPOMETRY FOR DETERMINING THE CRITICAL GLASSES FRAME DIMENSIONS

Many products have been designed and developed to aid and support people in their daily activities. The products are created after a series of activities from generating ideas, converting the ideas into design, and bringing the design into a real product. Glasses consist of a sub-assembly and components namely a frame and a pair of lenses. The frame has three critical parts namely the rim, bridge width, and temple length. The aim of this research is to determine the head and facial anthropometry which can be used to find the critical glasses frame dimensions. The results of this research show that there are significant differences in the anthropometry between female and male. We proposed the same dimension for end piece and bridge for both female and male while the rim and temple dimension must be different between female and male