Computer program to determine pressure distributions and forces on blunt bodies of revolution

Program was written to include integration of surface pressure in order to obtain axial-force, normal-force, and pitching-moment coefficients. Program was written in CDC FORTRAN for the CDC-6600 computer system

Chiral-logarithmic Corrections to the S and T Parameters in Higgsless Models

Recently, Higgsless models have proven to be viable alternatives to the Standard Model (SM) and supersymmetric models in describing the breaking of the electroweak symmetry. Whether extra-dimensional in nature or their deconstructed counterparts, the physical spectrum of these models typically consists of ``towers'' of massive vector gauge bosons which carry the same quantum numbers as the SM W and Z. In this paper, we calculate the one-loop, chiral-logarithmic corrections to the S and T parameters from the lightest (i.e. SM) and the next-to-lightest gauge bosons using a novel application of the Pinch Technique. We perform our calculation using generic Feynman rules with generic couplings such that our results can be applied to various models. To demonstrate how to use our results, we calculate the leading chiral-logarithmic corrections to the S and T parameters in the deconstructed three site Higgsless model. As we point out, however, our results are not exclusive to Higgsless models and may, in fact, be used to calculate the one-loop corrections from additional gauge bosons in models with fundamental (or composite) Higgs bosons.Comment: 45 pages, 15 figures, added references, analysis of three site model expanded to include delocalized fermion

Curved cap corrugated sheet

The report describes a structure for a strong, lightweight corrugated sheet. The sheet is planar or curved and includes a plurality of corrugation segments, each segment being comprised of a generally U-shaped corrugation with a part-cylindrical crown and cap strip, and straight side walls and with secondary corrugations oriented at right angles to said side walls. The cap strip is bonded to the crown and the longitudinal edge of said cap strip extends beyond edge at the intersection between said crown and said side walls. The high strength relative to weight of the structure makes it desirable for use in aircraft or spacecraft

Interband, intraband and excited-state direct photon absorption of silicon and germanium nanocrystals embedded in a wide band-gap lattice

Embedded Si and Ge nanocrystals (NCs) in wide band-gap matrices are studied theoretically using an atomistic pseudopotential approach. From small clusters to large NCs containing on the order of several thousand atoms are considered. Effective band-gap values as a function of NC diameter reproduce very well the available experimental and theoretical data. It is observed that the highest occupied molecular orbital for both Si and Ge NCs and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital for Si NCs display oscillations with respect to size among the different irreducible representations of the $C_{3v}$ point group to which these spherical NCs belong. Based on this electronic structure, first the interband absorption is thoroughly studied which shows the importance of surface polarization effects that significantly reduce the absorption when included. This reduction is found to increase with decreasing NC size or with increasing permittivity mismatch between the NC core and the host matrix. Reasonable agreement is observed with the experimental absorption spectra where available. The deformation of spherical NCs into prolate or oblate ellipsoids are seen to introduce no pronounced effects for the absorption spectra. Next, intraconduction and intravalence band absorption coefficients are obtained in the wavelength range from far-infrared to visible region. These results can be valuable for the infrared photodetection prospects of these NC arrays. Finally, excited-state absorption at three different optical pump wavelengths, 532 nm, 355 nm and 266 nm are studied for 3- and 4 nm-diameter NCs. This reveals strong absorption windows in the case of holes and a broad spectrum in the case of electrons which can especially be relevant for the discussions on achieving gain in these structures.Comment: Published version, 13 pages, 15 figures, local field effects include

The alloy with a memory, 55-Nitinol: Its physical metallurgy, properties, and applications

A series of nickel titanium alloys (55-Nitinol), which are unique in that they possess a shape memory, are described. Components made of these materials that are altered in their shapes by deformation under proper conditions return to predetermined shapes when they are heated to the proper temperature range. The shape memory, together with the force exerted and the ability of the material to do mechanical work as it returns to its predetermined shape, suggest a wide variety of industrial applications for the alloy. Also included are discussions of the physical metallurgy and the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of 55-Nitinol; procedures for melting and processing the material into useful shapes; and a summary of applications

Airborne observed solar elevation and row direction effects on the near-IR/red ratio of cotton

An airborne multispectral scanner was used to obtain data over two adjacent cotton fields having rows perpendicular to one another, at three times of day (different solar elevations), and on two dates (different plant size). The near IR/red ratios were displayed in image form, so that within-field variations and differences between fields could be easily assessed. The ratio varied with changing Sun elevation for north-south oriented rows, but no variation was detected for east-west oriented rows

Size-dependence of Strong-Coupling Between Nanomagnets and Photonic Cavities

The coherent dynamics of a coupled photonic cavity and a nanomagnet is explored as a function of nanomagnet size. For sufficiently strong coupling eigenstates involving highly entangled photon and spin states are found, which can be combined to create coherent states. As the size of the nanomagnet increases its coupling to the photonic mode also monotonically increases, as well as the number of photon and spin states involved in the system's eigenstates. For small nanomagnets the crystalline anisotropy of the magnet strongly localized the eigenstates in photon and spin number, quenching the potential for coherent states. For a sufficiently large nanomagnet the macrospin approximation breaks down and different domains of the nanomagnet may couple separately to the photonic mode. Thus the optimal nanomagnet size is just below the threshold for failure of the macrospin approximation.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Discrete Symmetries of Off-Shell Electromagnetism

We discuss the discrete symmetries of the Stueckelberg-Schrodinger relativistic quantum theory and its associated 5D local gauge theory, a dynamical description of particle/antiparticle interactions, with monotonically increasing Poincare-invariant parameter. In this framework, worldlines are traced out through the parameterized evolution of spacetime events, advancing or retreating with respect to the laboratory clock, with negative energy trajectories appearing as antiparticles when the observer describes the evolution using the laboratory clock. The associated gauge theory describes local interactions between events (correlated by the invariant parameter) mediated by five off-shell gauge fields. These gauge fields are shown to transform tensorially under under space and time reflections, unlike the standard Maxwell fields, and the interacting quantum theory therefore remains manifestly Lorentz covariant. Charge conjugation symmetry in the quantum theory is achieved by simultaneous reflection of the sense of evolution and the fifth scalar field. Applying this procedure to the classical gauge theory leads to a purely classical manifestation of charge conjugation, placing the CPT symmetries on the same footing in the classical and quantum domains. In the resulting picture, interactions do not distinguish between particle and antiparticle trajectories -- charge conjugation merely describes the interpretation of observed negative energy trajectories according to the laboratory clock.Comment: 26 page

String Gyratons in Supergravity

We study solutions of the supergravity equations with the string-like sources moving with the speed of light. An exact solution is obtained for the gravitational field of a boosted ring string in any dimension greater than three.Comment: 7 pages;v2 minor changes & references added, final in PR

Applying Non-Energy Impacts from Other Jurisdictions in Cost-Benefit Analyses of Energy Efficiency Programs: Resources for States for Utility Customer-Funded Programs

Avoided energy and capacity costs are the primary yardstick utilities use to determine which energy efficiency programs are cost-effective for their customers. But sometimes "non-energy impacts" — not commonly recognized as directly associated with energy generation, transmission and distribution — represent substantial benefits, such as improving comfort, air quality and public health.Considering whether and how to include non-energy impacts is an important part of cost-benefit analyses for these programs. This report offers practical considerations for deciding which non-energy impacts to include and how to apply values or methods from other jurisdictions.Researchers reviewed studies quantifying non-energy impacts used in 30 states and applied a five-point system to indicate transferability of a value or method from each study for 16 categories of non-energy impacts:Water resource costs and benefitsOther fuels costs and benefitsAvoided environmental compliance costsEnvironmental impactsProductivityHealth and safety Asset valueEnergy and/or capacity price suppression effectsAvoided costs of compliance with Renewable Portfolio Standard requirementsAvoided credit and collection costsAvoided ancillary servicesComfortEconomic development and job impactsPublic health impactsEnergy security impactsIncreased reliabilityThe U.S. Department of Energy’s Building Technologies Office supported this work