Cycling of Geotube® Solids from Dairy Lagoons Through Turfgrass Sod

Polymer – Abbreviation for polyacrylamide is used in water purification to flocculate suspended organic matter. Although polyacrylamide is designated as a non-toxic additive by USDA, its building block, acrylamide, is a potential nerve toxin in humans and causes birth defects and cancer in animals. A concentration limit of 500 ppm acrylamide in polyacrylamide preparations has been established for water treatment applications. Geotube® solids – particulate matter collected from wastewater pumped from lagoon into semi-permeable fibrous sock. Lysimeter – Container in which the volume of soil used to grow plants is isolated hydrologically from surrounding soil to control and measure water and nutrient inputs and losses. Mineralization – Conversion of organic N to NH4+. Heterotrophic microorganisms use organic carbon compounds as an energy source for the conversion process

Runoff and Nutrient Losses from Constructed Soils Amended with Compost

Composted organic materials used to stabilize roadside embankments in Texas promote rapid revegetation of soils disturbed by construction activities. Yet, adding compost to soil may increase total and soluble plant nutrients available for loss in runoff water. Composted municipal biosolids and dairy manure products were applied to soils in Texas according to prescribed Texas Department of Transportation specifications for stabilizing roadside soils. The specifications included a method for incorporating compost into soils prior to seeding or applying a compost and woodchip mix over a disturbed soil and then seeding. Applying compost and woodchips over the soil surface limited sediment losses (14 to 32 fold decrease) compared to incorporating compost into the soil. Yet, the greatest total phosphorus and nitrogen losses in runoff water occurred from soils where the compost and woodchip mix was applied. The greatest losses of soluble phosphorus also occurred when the compost and woodchip mix was applied. In contrast, nitrate-nitrogen losses in runoff were similar when compost was incorporated in the soil or applied in the woodchip mix. Compost source affected the nutrient losses in runoff. While the composted municipal biosolids added greater nutrient loads to the soil, less nutrient loss in runoff occurred

Advances in the Production of Biomaterials through Kombucha Using Food Waste: Concepts, Challenges, and Potential

In recent years, several researchers have focused their studies on the development of sustainable biomaterials using renewable sources, including the incorporation of living biological systems. One of the best biomaterials is bacterial cellulose (BC). There are several ways to produce BC, from using a pure strain to producing the fermented drink kombucha, which has a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBY). Studies have shown that the use of agricultural waste can be a low-cost and sustainable way to create BC. This article conducts a literature review to analyze issues related to the creation of BC through kombucha production. The databases used were ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and SpringerLink. A total of 42 articles, dated from 2018 to 2022, were referenced to write this review. The findings contributed to the discussion of three topics: (1) The production of BC through food waste (including patents in addition to the scientific literature); (2) Areas of research, sectors, and products that use BC (including research that did not use the kombucha drink, but used food waste as a source of carbon and nitrogen); and (3) Production, sustainability, and circular economy: perspectives, challenges, and trends in the use of BC (including some advantages and disadvantages of BC production through the kombucha drink)

An Integrated Microfluidic System for Manganese Anomaly Detection based on Chemiluminescence: Description and Practical Use to Discover Hydrothermal Plumes Near the Okinawa Trough

http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/natsushima/nt10-16/

Social inequalities in lawsuits for drugs

The aim of this study was to characterize the lawsuits requesting drugs considering the economic profile of their petitioners. All lawsuits (1378) accepted against Goiânia, GO from 2003 to 2007 were analyzed. Petitioners' demographic characteristics, reported diseases, requested drugs, origin of healthcare service, and lawsuit agent were described. Complainants' addresses were georeferenced and distributed into 4 regional groups classified in accordance with the population's average income. Dwellers of wealthier regions filed court actions requesting drugs more frequently, with an average rate of 1.7 lawsuits/1000 inhabitants versus 0.55/1000 in the poorer region. Lawsuit costs were 4-fold higher in wealthier regions compared with the poorest region. Chronic diseases were involved in most lawsuits, where acute and low complexity diseases predominated among complainants living in poorer regions. Thus, social differences were reflected in the granting of health rights

伊良部海丘海域における化学センサ群を用いた熱水サイト探査

http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/yokosuka/yk12-05/