Managing family conflict and resilience. Results of a universal socio-educative family drugs prevention program developed in school settings

This paper assesses changes in family conflict and resilience among families participating in a socio-educative short universal drug prevention program (PCF-U 11-14). A pre-post test quasi experimental design with control and experimental groups was implemented with 275 families. The work addresses the convenience of family training in social and parenting skills to strengthen families’ capacity to cope with difficulties and boosting family cohesion, but it also highlights the need to research deeper into the factors that affect parent and adolescent conflict to create new training strategies for families.Este trabajo evalúa los cambios en los conflictos familiares y la resiliencia entre las familias que participan en un programa socioeducativo universal, de corta duración, para la prevención de drogas (PCFU 11-14). Se implementó un diseño cuasi experimental pre-post test con grupos control y experimental con 275 familias. Se aborda la conveniencia de la capacitación familiar en habilidades sociales y de crianza para fortalecer la capacidad de las familias para hacer frente a las dificultades y fomentar la cohesión familiar, pero también se destaca la necesidad de investigar más a fondo los factores que afectan al conflicto entre padres y adolescentes para crear nuevas estrategias de capacitación para familias

Hidrólisis del ácido salicilsalicílico en medio fuertemente básico

Se ha estudiado la hidrólisis del ácido salicilsalicílico en medio acuoso fuertemente básico (pH = 11,6), a las temperaturas de 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 y 50°C. La citada reacción ha sido seguida por espectro fotometría. Se han calculado los valores de la costante de velocidad así como los parámetros termodinámicos correspondientes al proceso global

Hidrólisis del ácido salicilsalicílico en medio fuertemente básico

Se ha estudiado la hidrólisis del ácido salicilsalicílico en medio acuoso fuertemente básico (pH = 11,6), a las temperaturas de 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 y 50°C. La citada reacción ha sido seguida por espectro fotometría. Se han calculado los valores de la costante de velocidad así como los parámetros termodinámicos correspondientes al proceso global

I-mode studies at ASDEX Upgrade: L-I and I-H transitions, pedestal and confinement properties

The I-mode is a plasma regime obtained when the usual L-H power threshold is high, e.g. with unfavourable ion B ∇ direction. It is characterised by the development of a temperature pedestal while the density remains roughly as in the L-mode. This leads to a confinement improvement above the L-mode level which can sometimes reach H-mode values. This regime, already obtained in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak about two decades ago, has been studied again since 2009 taking advantage of the development of new diagnostics and heating possibilities. The I-mode in ASDEX Upgrade has been achieved with different heating methods such as NBI, ECRH and ICRF. The I-mode properties, power threshold, pedestal characteristics and confinement, are independent of the heating method. The power required at the L-I transition exhibits an offset linear density dependence but, in contrast to the L-H threshold, depends weakly on the magnetic field. The L-I transition seems to be mainly determined by the edge pressure gradient and the comparison between ECRH and NBI induced L-I transitions suggests that the ion channel plays a key role. The I-mode often evolves gradually over a few confinement times until the transition to H-mode which offers a very interesting situation to study the transport reduction and its link with the pedestal formation. Exploratory discharges in which n = 2 magnetic perturbations have been applied indicate that these can lead to an increase of the I-mode power threshold by flattening the edge pressure at fixed heating input power: more heating power is necessary to restore the required edge pressure gradient. Finally, the confinement properties of the I-mode are discussed in detail.European Commission (EUROfusion 633053

Las adaptaciones culturales del Strengthening Families Program en Europa. Un ejemplo de programa de educación familiar basado en evidencia

Evidence-based programmes on family prevention constitute instruments to increase protection factors and minimise risk factors in vulnerable families. Implementation of these programmes in Europe is fairly recent. Acknowledging that these programmes are originally North American, a debate emerges about the suitability of these programmes in the European con- text and the specific characteristics that their cultural adaptations should take into account. In this article, a systematic literature review is undertaken in order to compare the cultural adaptations of the Strengthening Families Program in Europe, since this is the evidence- based family programme with the higher number of adaptations. Conclusions underscore the good results obtained by the adaptations, both in their universal and selective versions, as well as the emergence of a genuinely European debate about these programmes.Los programas educativos de prevención familiar basados en evidencia son instrumentos para aumentar los factores de protección y minimizar los factores de riesgo en familias vulnerables. La implementación en Europa de estos programas es relativamente reciente. Al tratarse de programas principalmente de matriz norteamericana, tiene lugar un debate sobre la idoneidad de estos programas en el contexto europeo y las características específicas que deben tener en cuenta las adaptaciones culturales de los programas. En este artículo, se lleva a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura para detectar y comparar las adaptaciones culturales del Strengthening Families Program en Europa, al tratarse del programa familiar con mayor número de adaptaciones. Los principales conclusiones señalan los buenos resultados que ha obtenido las adaptaciones tanto en su versión universal como selectiva, así como la aparición de un debate propiamente europeo sobre los programas

Effect of resonant magnetic perturbations on low collisionality discharges in MAST and a comparison with ASDEX Upgrade

Sustained ELM mitigation has been achieved on MAST and AUG using RMPs with a range of toroidal mode numbers over a wide region of low to medium collisionality discharges. The ELM energy loss and peak heat loads at the divertor targets have been reduced. The ELM mitigation phase is typically associated with a drop in plasma density and overall stored energy. In one particular scenario on MAST, by carefully adjusting the fuelling it has been possible to counteract the drop in density and to produce plasmas with mitigated ELMs, reduced peak divertor heat flux and with minimal degradation in pedestal height and confined energy. While the applied resonant magnetic perturbation field can be a good indicator for the onset of ELM mitigation on MAST and AUG there are some cases where this is not the case and which clearly emphasise the need to take into account the plasma response to the applied perturbations. The plasma response calculations show that the increase in ELM frequency is correlated with the size of the edge peeling-tearing like response of the plasma and the distortions of the plasma boundary in the X-point region.Comment: 31 pages, 28 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article submitted for publication in Nuclear Fusion. IoP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from i

Citizen stance towards mandatory COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine booster doses: a study in Colombia, El Salvador and Spain

The infections and deaths resulting from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered the need for some governments to make COVID-19 vaccines mandatory. The present study aims to analyze the position of 3026 adults in Colombia, El Salvador, and Spain regarding the possibility of making COVID-19 vaccine mandatory and the intention to be vaccinated with the booster or possible successive doses. Data from an online survey conducted from August to December 2021 among a non-representative sample of Spanish-speaking countries were collected. Multinomial Logistic Regression Models were used. A total of 77.4% of Colombians were in favor of mandatory vaccination compared to 71.5% of Salvadorians and 65.4% of Spaniards (p < 0.000). Women and people over 65 years of age were the groups most in favor of making the vaccine mandatory (p < 0.000). A total of 79.4% said they had received a third dose or would intend to receive the third dose or future doses, if necessary, compared with 9.4% who expressed doubts and 9.9% who refused to be vaccinated or did not intend to be vaccinated. Among the measures that could be taken to motivate vaccination, 63.0% and 60.6% were in favor of requiring a negative test to enter any place of leisure or work, respectively, compared to 16.2% in favor of suspension from work without pay. The acceptance of mandatory vaccination and of third or future doses varies greatly according to sociodemographic characteristics and work environment. As such, it is recommended that policy makers adapt public health strategies accordingly

Avionics System and Attitude Algorithms for a Deorbit Device Based on an Electrodynamic Tether

The main goal of the Electrodynamic Tether technology for PAssive Consumable-less deorbit Kit (E.T.PACK) project is to develop a deorbit device based on an electrodynamic tether with TRL 4 by 2022. In September 2022, its continuation, i.e. the E.T.PACK-F project, will carry on with the activities of E.T.PACK to prepare a flight model with TRL 8 that will be tested in an in-orbit demonstration mission in 2025. This work (i) describes the attitude determination and control strategy of the mission, which is used as a means of explaining its different phases and the dynamics of each one of them, (ii) provides a description of the avionics elements of the whole system, (iii) describes some of the tests performed until this moment, and (iv) summarizes the current status and the future work