Removal of the endocrine disrupter butyl benzyl phthalate from the environment

Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), an aryl alkyl ester of 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, is extensively used in vinyl tiles and as a plasticizer in PVC in many commonly used products. BBP, which readily leaches from these products, is one of the most important environmental contaminants, and the increased awareness of its adverse effects on human health has led to a dramatic increase in research aimed at removing BBP from the environment via bioremediation. This review highlights recent progress in the degradation of BBP by pure and mixed bacterial cultures, fungi, and in sludge, sediment, and wastewater. Sonochemical degradation, a unique abiotic remediation technique, and photocatalytic degradation are also discussed. The degradation pathways for BBP are described, and future research directions are considered

Metabolism of N-butyl benzyl phtalate in the female wistar rat. Identification of new metabolites

International audienc

Metabolism of N-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate in the Female Wistar Rat. Identification of New Metabolites

International audiencen-Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), a plasticizer used in polyvinylchloride (PVC) and other polymers, has been orally administered to female Wistar rats with four doses (150, 475, 780 and 1500 mg/kg body weight/day) for 3 consecutive days. Metabolites recovered in urines were analysed by gas chromatography±mass spectrometry (GC±MS) after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Six metabolites were identi®ed. Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBuP) and mono-n-benzyl phthalate (MBeP) represented respectively 29± 34% and 7±12 % of the total recovered metabolites. Hippuric acid, the main metabolite of benzoic acid, represented the second major metabolite (51±56%). Phthalic acid, benzoic acid and an o-oxidized metabolite of MBuP were also recovered in urine but in small quantities. BBP was never identi®ed in urines. Total urinary metabolites recovery represented 56% of the dose administered in the ®rst 24 hours. However, total recovery decreased when the dose increases (43% at 780 mg/kg body weight/ day, only 30% at 1500 mg/kg body weight/day). Whatever the time was, BBP metabolites recovered in urines were all present and in the same proportions for the two lowest doses. Discrepancy in metabolites quantities expressed as percentages of the dose observed in urine of rat treated with the highest BBP dose disappeared with time as MBuP, MBeP and hippuric acid recovery has signi®cantly increased at day 3. Metabolic pro®le of BBP in female rats has been established. The aim of the present study is to identify further the active(s) agent(s) involved in the BBP malformations and teratogenic eects. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Synthesis and evaluation of benzoxazolinonic imidazoles and derivatives as non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors

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