Fungicidal activity plus reservoir effect allow short treatment courses with terbinafine in tinea pedis

Terbinafine, a synthetic allylamine, exerts fungicidal activity against dermatophytes, the causative pathogens of tinea pedis. As proven in numerous clinical trials, tinea pedis can be effectively and safely treated by topical terbinafine. In fact, a 1-week application of terbinafine 1% cream eradicated fungal pathogens at least as effectively as 4-week treatment courses with topical azole derivative antifungals and showed lower relapse rates. A new innovative single-application formulation of terbinafine 1% in a film-forming solution produces a high concentration gradient on the skin surface and enables a prolonged (up to 13 days) exposure of the skin to terbinafine. High drug penetration into the skin results in an otherwise not obtained drug reservoir in the horny layer, the location of dermatophytes in tinea pedis. Although azole antimycotics can also effectively penetrate into the horny layer of the skin, short-term therapy might not be feasible due to its primarily fungistatic activity against dermatophytes. Thus, we conclude that the high efficacy of short-term treatment with terbinafine in patients with tinea pedis is possible due to its fungicidal activity coupled with a distinct reservoir formation in the upper layers of the epidermis. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

Cardiac hemangioma of the right atrium in a neonate : fetal management and expedited surgical resection

Cardiac hemangioma is a rare tumor with a reported incidence of 1-2%. We describe the case of a neonate with a right atrial mass that was diagnosed prenatally. The fetus developed a supraventricular tachycardia and was delivered by cesarean section in the 35th week of gestation. The infant underwent surgery after 24 hours to remove the mass which was diagnosed as a cardiac capillary-cavernous hemangioma.peer-reviewe

Hyperon bulk viscosity in strong magnetic fields

We study the bulk viscosity of neutron star matter including $\Lambda$ hyperons in the presence of quantizing magnetic fields. Relaxation time and bulk viscosity due to both the non-leptonic weak process involving $\Lambda$ hyperons and direct Urca processes are calculated here. In the presence of a strong magnetic field of $10^{17}$ G, the hyperon bulk viscosity coefficient is reduced whereas bulk viscosity coefficients due to direct Urca processes are enhanced compared with their field free cases when many Landau levels are populated by protons, electrons and muons.Comment: LaTex, 28 pages including 9 figures; new results are discussed in section I

Pelatihan Teknik Ikat Celup Padat-Shirt Bagi Siswa di SMALB-B Karya Mulia Surabaya

  Abstrak   Sekolah Luar Biasa Bagian B adalah lembaga pendidikan bagi peserta didik yang memiliki tingkat kesulitan dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran karena mengalami gangguan pendengaran dan komunikasi. Mereka perlu dibekali keterampilan agar kelak setelah lulus sekolah mereka dapat hidup mandiri dan tidak tergantung pada orang lain. Kegiatan tersebut diupayakan bagi siswa di SMALB-B Karya Mulia Surabaya. Karya seni budaya siswa di SMALB-B tersebut meliputi lukisan dan batik, namun faktanya pembuatan motif atau membatik dapat juga dilakukan dengan teknik ikat celup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas pelatih, hasil jadi teknik ikat celup pada t-shirt dan respon peserta. Jenis penelitianiniadalahpre-experimental design dengan rancangan penelitian One Shoot Case Study. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 15 siswa di SMALB-B tersebut. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi dan metode angket. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah mean untuk aktivitas peserta dan hasil jadi teknik ikat celup, dan persentase untuk respon peserta.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas pelatih diperoleh meanrata-rata 3,7 dengan kategori baik. Hasil jadi teknik ikat celup pada t-shirt ditinjau dari 3 aspek yaitu, 1) Ketepatan teknik pembuatan diperoleh nilai rata-rata 91,8 dengan kategori sangat baik, 2) Ketepatan peletakkan motif diperolehnilai rata-rata 92,3 dengan kategori sangat baik, 3) Kesesuaian warna diperoleh nilai rata-rata 90,5 dengan kategori baik. Pada respon peserta pelatihan diperoleh persentase sebesar 94% dengan kategori sangat baik.   Kata Kunci: Pelatihan, Teknik Ikat Celup, T-Shirt   Abstract   Extraordinary school part B is an educational institution for students had the difficulty in following the learning procces because hearing impaiments and communication. They need get other skills, so that one day after they graduate from school they can live independent and not depen on others people. That activty to attain a certain aim for students in Extraordinary Senior High School-B Karya Mulia Surabaya. The culture art work of students in Extraordinary Senior High School-B are painting and batik, but in fact making a motive or membatik can also making tie-dying. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of the trenee, and how the result of tie-dying on t-shirt and the response of the paticipants. The type of this research use pre-experimental design with one shoot case study. The subject were 15 students in Extraordinary Senior High School-B. The methode of collecting data by observation and questionarie. The methode of analysis data used in the form of an average for the trenee activity and result of tie-dying on t-shirt and percentage to response of the participants.The result of this research is the trenee activity an average score of 3,7 in good categories. There are three aspects of result tie-dying on t-shirt, such as 1) Accurary making techniques obtained average score 91,8 with very good category, 2) Accurary laying motive obtained average score 92,3 with very good category, 3) Compatibility colour obtained average score 90,5 with good category. And response of participants obtioned a percentage of 94% with very good category.    Keyword: Training, Tie-dying, T-Shirt &nbsp

New approaches to investigating the function of mycelial networks

Fungi play a key role in ecosystem nutrient cycles by scavenging, concentrating, translocating and redistributing nitrogen. To quantify and predict fungal nitrogen redistribution, and assess the importance of the integrity of fungal networks in soil for ecosystem function, we need better understanding of the structures and processes involved. Until recently nitrogen translocation has been experimentally intractable owing to the lack of a suitable radioisotope tracer for nitrogen, and the impossibility of observing nitrogen translocation in real time under realistic conditions. We have developed an imaging method for recording the magnitude and direction of amino acid flow through the whole mycelial network as it captures, assimilates and channels its carbon and nitrogen resources, while growing in realistically heterogeneous soil microcosms. Computer analysis and modeling, based on these digitized video records, can reveal patterns in transport that suggest experimentally testable hypotheses. Experimental approaches that we are developing include genomics and stable isotope NMR to investigate where in the system nitrogen compounds are being acquired and stored, and where they are mobilized for transport or broken down. The results are elucidating the interplay between environment, metabolism, and the development and function of transport networks as mycelium forages in soil. The highly adapted and selected foraging networks of fungi may illuminate fundamental principles applicable to other supply networks

Peritumoral administration of GPI-anchored TIMP-1 inhibits colon carcinoma growth in Rag-2 gamma chain-deficient mice

Exogenous application of recombinant TIMP-1 protein modified by addition of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor allows efficient insertion of the fusion protein into cell membranes. This `cell surface engineering' leads to changes in the proteolytic environment. TIMP-1-GPI shows enhanced as well as novel in vitro biological activities including suppression of proliferation, reduced migration, and inhibition of invasion of the colon carcinoma cell line SW480. Treatment of SW480 tumors implanted in Rag (-/-) common gamma chain (-/-) C57BL/6 mice with peritumorally applied TIMP-1-GPI, control rhTIMP-1 protein, or vehicle shows that TIMP-1-GPI leads to a significant reduction in tumor growth