Development and Longevity: Cellular and Molecular Determinants - A Mini-Review

Across species, development and longevity are tightly linked. We discuss the relevant literature and suggest that the root for this stringent relationship is the rate of development. The basis for the relationship between rate of development and longevity lies in adaptations that have occurred through evolution at multiple levels of biological complexity: organism, organ, cellular, and molecular. Thus, the analysis of the relationship is of interest for multiple fields of biology

Skeletal, dental and profilometric effects of Sabbagh Universal Spring 2 (SUS2) in a patient at the end of growth: a case report

Introduction: Malocclusions, which present a severe skeletal component, are difficult to solve through orthodontic treatment inpatients at the end of growth and often require a combined orthodontic-surgical treatment. The mandibular propulsion appliances "no compliance" now offer new possibilities for functional orthopedic treatment in borderline cases. Case presentation: A patient at the end of growth with a severe malocclusion (Class II Division 1), open bite with arches\u27 transversaldiscrepancy, refused the hypothesis of an orthodontic-surgical treatment, which represents the gold standard in such occlusal andskeletal problems, especially in subjects at the end of growth; consequently, a complex orthopedic-orthodontic treatment was chosen as the second choice. The patient has been successfully treated also through the use of SUS2 (Sabbagh Universal Spring 2; Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany), a "no compliance" fixed functional appliance, which carried out a significant sagittal correction. Conclusion: The case report especially highlights the important sagittal correction obtained through the use of SUS2. The SUS2 had a functional outcome, which resulted in the maxillary growth stop and an effective sagittal mandibular growth increase. The SUS2effects, enhanced by elastics biomechanics, led to the bite closure and at the achievement of Class I occlusion

Unity, Plurality and Explanation. The case of geographical economics and its neighbours

Geographical economics (also known as the new economic geography) is a recent approach developed within economics. It aims to provide a unified framework for the study of spatial agglomeration: the spatial concentration of economic activity. This search for unity stands in sharp contrast with the present plurality of approaches which seek to explain the same phenomenon across a variety of disciplines such as urban and regional economics, economic geography, and strategic management. More than any of the existing approaches, geographical economics has been contested by proponents of alternative theories. This dissertation investigates the general issues of unity, plurality and explanation by analysing them in relation to the case of geographical economics and its neighbours. Insights from the philosophy of science are employed to reveal the heretofore-unanalyzed rivalries and complementarities and to assess their potential for contributing to a unified theor! y of spatial agglomeration. The thesis is comprised of four independent essays that address these issues from diverse perspectives. In addition, a fifth introductory essay maps the common philosophical premises and outlines the overarching philosophical framework. In particular, insights concerning the partial and approximate nature of theories and the contrastive approach to explanation are brought together so as to individuate grounds for a realism-based pluralism. The contribution of this dissertation is twofold. First, the elucidation of inter-theoretic relations among geographical economics and its neighbours can foster enhanced communication among proponents of alternative approaches, and thereby theoretical progress. Second, in line with the current trend in the philosophy of science, the analysis of detailed cases of actual scientific practice carried out here is used to improve the adequacy of the selected philosophical accounts

Giant Liquid Argon Observatory for Proton Decay, Neutrino Astrophysics and CP-violation in the Lepton Sector (GLACIER)

GLACIER (Giant Liquid Argon Charge Imaging ExpeRiment) is a large underground observatory for proton decay search, neutrino astrophysics and CP-violation studies in the lepton sector. Possible underground sites are studied within the FP7 LAGUNA project (Europe) and along the JPARC neutrino beam in collaboration with KEK (Japan). The concept is scalable to very large masses.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, Contribution to the Workshop "European Strategy for Future Neutrino Physics", CERN, Oct. 200