Telescopes and space exploration

The necessity for different types of telescopes for astronomical investigations is discussed. Major findings in modern astronomy by ground-based and spaceborne telescopes are presented. Observations of the Crab Nebula, solar flares, interstellar gas, and the Black Hole are described. The theory of the oscillating universe is explored. Operating and planned telescopes are described

Telescopes and space exploration

Progress in contemporary astronomy and astrophysics is shown to depend on complementary investigations with sensitive telescopes operating in several wavelength regions, some of which can be on the Earth's surface and others of which must be in space

Spectral Signature Studies For Application in Deer Census Using Remote Sensing Techniques

This study was performed to determine the spectral signatures of deer and their natural background elements for censusing purposes. Consideration was given to atmospheric transmittance, acceptable flying weather, and terrain. Possible spectral bands between 0.3 and 14.0 μm were obtained (over a pathlength of 1500 feet at an altitude of 5000 feet) based upon atmospheric transmittance using the LOWTRAN 3B computer program. They are: 0.30 - 1.33, 1.49 - 1.79, 2.00 - 2.50, 3.00 - 3.16, 3.38 - 4.10, 4.59 - 5.05, and 8.00 - 13.33 μm, for transmittance greater than 75%. Weather conditions are favorable for flying and taking data on the average of 2 days per week (in areas near Salt Lake City) throughout the winter months. Measurements were obtained of the spectral reflectance and spectral emissivity of deer hide, sands, soils, sage brush, and other natural winter habitat elements. The results of these measurements indicate that all the biological samples tested emit blackbody radiation; that is, the emissivity is approximately unity and there are no unique spectral signatures. The reflected spectra in the region 0.5 to 1.1 μm contains considerable unique spectra, including chlorophyll absorption at 0.66 μm, that might be useful in de signing a multi spectral classifier

Millimeter wave radiometry as a means of determining cometary surface and subsurface temperature

Thermal emission spectra for a variety of cometary nucleus models were evaluated by a radiative transfer technique adapted from modeling of terrestrial ice and snow fields. It appears that millimeter wave sensing from an interplanetary spacecraft is the most effective available means for distinguishing between alternate models of the nucleus and for evaluating the thermal state of the layer which is below the instantaneous surface where modern theories of the nucleus indicate that sublimation of the cometary volatiles actually occurs

Identifikasi landmark Sebagai penunjang karakter wisata sejarah Berdasarkan rute wisata bus macyto Di kota malang

ABSTRAK Kesulitan dalam menemukan arah, mengenali lingkungan sekitar dan menentukan rute yang tepat untuk menuju ke tempat yang diinginkan oleh wisatawan menjadi sesuatu yang akan menjadi tantangan bagi pembangunan yang ditujukan untuk membantu sektor kepariwisataan di Kota Malang. Penelitian ini akan fokus pada Landmark yang berhasil diidentifikasi oleh wisatawan serta yang memiliki aspek visual yang menarik dalam mengenalinya. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah mengidentifikasi Landmark yang dapat membantu kegiatan navigasi wisatawan sepanjang rute wisata Bus MACYTO. Dengan jenis penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Kualitatif dan Mental Mapping diharapkan penelitian ini akan menghasilkan kajian tentang aspek visual dari estetika bentuk masing-masing Landmark berkarakter wisata sejarah juga fungsinya sebagai objek yang dapat menjadi titik orientasi wisatawan dan masyarakat Kota Malang. Hasil penelitian melalui Mental Mapping menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran Landmark membawa identitas dan mewakili kawasan koridor jalan seperti Kawasan Alun-Alun Merdeka, Kawasan Jl. Kawi, Kawasan Jl. Ijen, Kawasan Jl. Semeru dan Kawasan Alun-Alun Tugu. Dari 41 Landmark yang berhasil diidentifikasi, terdapat 20 Landmark yang dapat mencerminkan karakter sejarah di Kota Malang berdasarkan responden. Serta Landmark yang ideal sebagai navigator adalah Balai Kota Malang, Gereja Khatolik Hati Kudus Yesus Kayutangan, Alun-Alun Tugu, Gereja Katedral Ijen, Masjid Jami’ dan GPIB Immanuel. Kata kunci: Landmark, Wisata Sejarah, Rute Wisata Bus Macyt

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: Consequences and Perceived Self-Efficacy in Women and Men Witnesses and Non-Witnesses

Despite the numerous advances made in Italy over the years in the study of sexual harassment in the workplace (SHW), research has focused exclusively on victims, perpetrators, and their relationships, and not on the consequences that the experience of sexual harassment can produce in witnesses. The present study aims to address this gap by examining how the indirect experience of SHW, in conjunction with variables such as gender, age, self-efficacy, and coping strategies, affects the mental health status of witnesses of SHW. A sample of 724 employees completed a questionnaire that included a modified version of the Sexual Experience Questionnaire (SEQ), the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and the Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale (RESE). Of the group, 321 participants reported witnessing sexual harassment in the workplace (28.2% of women and 16.2% of men). Results show that witnesses were younger than participants who described themselves as non-witnesses. Results also show that women and men who were witnesses were more likely to suffer the emotional and psychological consequences of the experience than non-witnesses. In addition, female witnesses expressed more positive emotions than men, which enabled them to manage their anxiety and emotional states when triggered in response to sexual harassment in the workplace. Finally, a significant association was found between perceptions of mental health and age, gender, experience with SHW, and self-efficacy strategies. The findings underscore the importance of sexual harassment intervention in the workplace, women and men who witness sexual harassment suffer vicarious experiences, psychological impact, exhaustion, disengagement, and negative feelings

Organochlorine compounds (Polychlorinated biphenyls and Pesticides) and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in populations of Hexaplex trunculus affected by imposex in the lagoon of Venice, Italy

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in gastropods from the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. The visceral coil and the rest of the soft body of organisms (Hexaplex trunculus) sampled at two stations inside the lagoon and three stations on the seaward side were analyzed to evaluate their contamination levels. Preferential accumulation of PCBs and pesticides in the visceral coil (>80%) compared with the rest of the soft body was observed, whereas on average, PAHs showed no preferential partitioning. Differences between levels of organochlorine contaminants in the gastropods highlighted a gradient of pollution from the stations inside the lagoon (PCBs, 45-363 ng/g; pesticides, 4-51 ng/g) to the sea (PCBs, 13-131 ng/g; pesticides, 2-29 ng/g). The possible role of the three classes of contaminants, in addition to that of organotin compounds (OTCs), previously analyzed in the same samples, in causing one of the anatomic modifications because of imposex in this gastropod also was studied. A modeling approach by partial least squares (PLS) in latent variables was applied to explain the penis length of imposex-affected females with concentrations of organic pollutants. The synergistic role of PCBs, pesticides, and OTCs was evidenced, whereas the contribution of PAHs appeared to be very low