330 research outputs found
Radiation Tolerance of CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors with Self-Biased Pixels
CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) are proposed as a technology for
various vertex detectors in nuclear and particle physics. We discuss the
mechanisms of ionizing radiation damage on MAPS hosting the the dead time free,
so-called self bias pixel. Moreover, we discuss radiation hardened sensor
designs which allow operating detectors after exposing them to irradiation
doses above 1 Mra
Temperature and thermodynamic instabilities in heavy ion collisions
We investigate thermodynamic properties and instability conditions in
intermediate energy heavy ion reactions. We define locally thermodynamic
variables, i.e. density, pressure and temperature, directly from the phase
space distribution of a relativistic transport calculation. In particular,
temperatures are determined by a fit to two covariant hot Fermi distributions
thus taking into account possible anisotropic momentum configurations. We
define instability independent from the nuclear matter spinodal by the
criterion that the effective compressibility becomes negative. The method is
applied to a semi-central Au on Au reaction at 600 MeV/nucleon. We investigate
in particular the center of the participant and the spectator matter. In the
latter we find a clear indication of instability with conditions of density and
temperature that are consistent with experimental determinations.Comment: 20 pages latex, 5 PS-figures, revised version (minor changes)
accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys.
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