Fire Protection Life Safety Analysis- Bachelor Enlisted Quarters

This Bachelor Enlisted Quarters (BEQ) shall be constructed, arranged, equipped, maintained, and operated in accordance with this report and applicable criteria to ensure a minimum level of life safety and property protection is provided from actual and potential fire hazards. The goal is to ensure the occupants are provided with an environment that is reasonably safe from fire. We accomplish this goal by protecting occupants not intimate with the initial fire development, and by improving the survivability of occupants intimate with the initial fire development. The protection described in this report takes on many forms, from active protection, such as fire protection systems, to passive protection, such as fire resistive construction. The applicable prescriptive-based design requirements outlined in the building and life safety codes are summarized, as well as a detailed description of the active fire protection systems provided in the BEQ. A performance-based analysis was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the prescriptive based requirements. Fire behavior predictions and fire protection response time estimates were compared to Computational Fluid Dynamic simulated results. The performance-based evaluation determined the required safe egress time (RSET) versus the available safe egress time (ASET). Based upon the results, the BEQ was designed and constructed to provide sufficient egress time to occupants prior to them being exposed to untenable conditions

Internal electrostatic discharge hazard risk assessment to the Galileo orbiter

A worst case assessment was performed on the Command Data System (CDS) multilayer printed circuit board and an output power transformer module in the power subsystem. An estimate of the Jovian environment during the 35 hour orbit insertion was supplied by JPL and used as an input to calculate the electron transport into the Galileo components. A radiation shielding analysis computer code, CHARGE, calculated the electron transport deposition trapped in the anticipated sensitive areas of the multilayer board and transformer module. Based on these trapped charge calculations electric fields were calculated between the identified isolated areas and the spacecraft ground. The results of the assessment of electrostatic discharge (DSD) in the CDS multilayer printed circuit board indicate that the probability of ESD in the FR4 is low. The probability of ESD in the components attached to the multilayer board, however, is uncertain based on a lack of prior experimental data

Radiation effects in silicon solar cells Quarterly report

Effect of lithium on production and annealing of damage in silico

Radiation effects in silicon solar cells Quarterly progress report, 1 Jul. - 30 Sep. 1970

Defects responsible for degradation in output of silicon solar cells irradiated by space radiatio

Theory of vortex excitation imaging via an NMR relaxation measurement

The temperature dependence of the site-dependent nuclear spin relaxation time T_1 around vortices is studied in s-wave and d-wave superconductors.Reflecting low energy electronic excitations associated with the vortex core, temperature dependences deviate from those of the zero-field case, and T_1 becomes faster with approaching the vortex core. In the core region, T_1^{-1} has a new peak below T_c. The NMR study by the resonance field dependence may be a new method to prove the spatial resolved vortex core structure in various superconductors.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Site-selective nuclear magnetic relaxation time in a superconducting vortex state

The temperature and field dependences of the site-selective nuclear spin relaxation time T_1 around vortices are studied comparatively both for s-wave and d-wave superconductors, based on the microscopic Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory. Reflecting low energy electronic excitations associated with the vortex core, the site selective temperature dependences deviate from those of the zero-field case, and T_1 becomes faster with approaching the vortex core. In the core region, T_1^{-1} has a new peak below the superconducting transition temperature T_c. The field dependence of the overall T_1(T) behaviors for s-wave and d-wave superconductors is investigated and analyzed in terms of the local density of states. The NMR study by the resonance field dependence may be a new method to probe the spatial resolved vortex core structure in various conventional and unconventional superconductors.Comment: 14Pages, 26 figures, revte

Effects of gap anisotropy upon the electronic structure around a superconducting vortex

An isolated single vortex is considered within the framework of the quasiclassical theory. The local density of states around a vortex is calculated in a clean type II superconductor with an anisotropy. The anisotropy of a superconducting energy gap is crucial for bound states around a vortex. A characteristic structure of the local density of states, observed in the layered hexagonal superconductor 2H-NbSe2 by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is well reproduced if one assumes an anisotropic s-wave gap in the hexagonal plane. The local density of states (or the bound states) around the vortex is interpreted in terms of quasiparticle trajectories to facilitate an understanding of the rich electronic structure observed in STM experiments. It is pointed out that further fine structures and extra peaks in the local density of states should be observed by STM.Comment: 11 pages, REVTeX; 20 PostScript figures; An Animated GIFS file for the star-shaped vortex bound states is available at http://mp.okayama-u.ac.jp/~hayashi/vortex.htm

Human MLH1 Protein Participates in Genomic Damage Checkpoint Signaling in Response to DNA Interstrand Crosslinks, while MSH2 Functions in DNA Repair

DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are among the most toxic types of damage to a cell. For this reason, many ICL-inducing agents are effective therapeutic agents. For example, cisplatin and nitrogen mustards are used for treating cancer and psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) is useful for treating psoriasis. However, repair mechanisms for ICLs in the human genome are not clearly defined. Previously, we have shown that MSH2, the common subunit of the human MutSα and MutSβ mismatch recognition complexes, plays a role in the error-free repair of psoralen ICLs. We hypothesized that MLH1, the common subunit of human MutL complexes, is also involved in the cellular response to psoralen ICLs. Surprisingly, we instead found that MLH1-deficient human cells are more resistant to psoralen ICLs, in contrast to the sensitivity to these lesions displayed by MSH2-deficient cells. Apoptosis was not as efficiently induced by psoralen ICLs in MLH1-deficient cells as in MLH1-proficient cells as determined by caspase-3/7 activity and binding of annexin V. Strikingly, CHK2 phosphorylation was undetectable in MLH1-deficient cells, and phosphorylation of CHK1 was reduced after PUVA treatment, indicating that MLH1 is involved in signaling psoralen ICL-induced checkpoint activation. Psoralen ICLs can result in mutations near the crosslinked sites; however, MLH1 function was not required for the mutagenic repair of these lesions, and so its signaling function appears to have a role in maintaining genomic stability following exposure to ICL-induced DNA damage. Distinguishing the genetic status of MMR-deficient tumors as MSH2-deficient or MLH1-deficient is thus potentially important in predicting the efficacy of treatment with psoralen and perhaps with other ICL-inducing agents

The Genome of a Pathogenic Rhodococcus: Cooptive Virulence Underpinned by Key Gene Acquisitions

We report the genome of the facultative intracellular parasite Rhodococcus equi, the only animal pathogen within the biotechnologically important actinobacterial genus Rhodococcus. The 5.0-Mb R. equi 103S genome is significantly smaller than those of environmental rhodococci. This is due to genome expansion in nonpathogenic species, via a linear gain of paralogous genes and an accelerated genetic flux, rather than reductive evolution in R. equi. The 103S genome lacks the extensive catabolic and secondary metabolic complement of environmental rhodococci, and it displays unique adaptations for host colonization and competition in the short-chain fatty acid–rich intestine and manure of herbivores—two main R. equi reservoirs. Except for a few horizontally acquired (HGT) pathogenicity loci, including a cytoadhesive pilus determinant (rpl) and the virulence plasmid vap pathogenicity island (PAI) required for intramacrophage survival, most of the potential virulence-associated genes identified in R. equi are conserved in environmental rhodococci or have homologs in nonpathogenic Actinobacteria. This suggests a mechanism of virulence evolution based on the cooption of existing core actinobacterial traits, triggered by key host niche–adaptive HGT events. We tested this hypothesis by investigating R. equi virulence plasmid-chromosome crosstalk, by global transcription profiling and expression network analysis. Two chromosomal genes conserved in environmental rhodococci, encoding putative chorismate mutase and anthranilate synthase enzymes involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, were strongly coregulated with vap PAI virulence genes and required for optimal proliferation in macrophages. The regulatory integration of chromosomal metabolic genes under the control of the HGT–acquired plasmid PAI is thus an important element in the cooptive virulence of R. equi