Consumo voluntario y digestibilidad in vivo de Panicum coloratum cv. verde diferido

En la Región Pampeana Semiárida se halla muy difundido el uso del pasto llorón (Eragrostis curvula) cuyo forraje diferido y utilizado con bovinos de cría les ocasiona pérdidas importantes de peso vivo. Sería apropiado, por lo tanto, la búsqueda de especies que se comporten mejor en condiciones de diferimiento. En este ensayo se evaluó Panicum cotoratum cv. verde trasladando todo el forraje producido durante su período de crecimiento (primavera, verano y otoño) a una época donde normalmente se observa escasez de forraje (invierno). Los parámetros que se pusieron bajo estudio fueron el consumo de la materia seca (CM S), la digestibilidad de la materia seca (DMS) y el consumo de la materia seca digestible (CMSD) medidas in vivo por el método de colección total de heces. En este ensayo se utilizaron 7 carneros (Pampinta) distintos en cada época bajo estudio. El forraje fue cortado a 5 cm del suelo de forma manual previo a las dos comidas diarias y suministrado a galpón, ad libitum. El ensayo se repitió en cuatro épocas distintas. El período de acostumbramiento de las épocas a y b (a: 21/03 al 05/04 y b: 02/05 al 17/05) fue de 7 días mientras que en las épocas e y d (e: 13/06 al 30/06 y d: 25/07 al 11/08) este período fue de 9 días. El período de medición fue de 8 días para cada época. Los resultados obtenidos indican que esta especie utilizada como diferido, supera los requerimientos energéticos de mantenimiento de una vaca de cría de raza británica, de 400 Kg. de peso vivo, seca y vacía en pastoreo en un 37% en la primera época evaluada, cubriendo en las 3 restantes aproximadamente el 80% de los requerimientos energéticos de ese mismo tipo de animal.Director: Dr. Néstor P. Stritzler. Cátedra de Nutrición Animal y Codirector: lng. Agr. Carlos M. Ferri. Cátedra de Forrajicultura ymanejo de pastura

The genus <i>Elaphomyces </i>(<i>Ascomycota</i>, <i>Eurotiales</i>):a ribosomal DNA-based phylogeny and revised systematics of European 'deer truffles'

Elaphomyces (‘deer truffles’) is one of the most important ectomycorrhizal fungal genera in temperate and subarctic forest ecosystems, but also one of the least documented in public databases. The current systematics are mainly based on macromorphology, and is not significantly different from that proposed by Vittadini (1831). Within the 49 species recognised worldwide, 23 were originally described from Europe and 17 of these were described before the 20th century. Moreover, very recent phylogenetic treatments of the genus are mainly based on a few extra-European species and most common European species are still poorly documented. Based on an extensive taxonomic sampling mainly made in the biogeographically rich Cantabrian area (Spain), complemented with collections from France, Greece, Italy, Norway, Portugal and Sweden, all currently recognized species in Europe have been sequenced at the ITS and 28S of the rDNA. Combined phylogenetic analyses yielded molecular support to sections Elaphomyces and Ceratogaster (here emended), while a third, basal lineage encompasses the sections Malacodermei and Ascoscleroderma as well as the tropical genus Pseudotulostoma. Species limits are discussed and some taxa formerly proposed as genuine species based on morphology and biogeography are re-evaluated as varieties or forms. Spore size and ornamentation, features of the peridial surface, structure of the peridium, and the presence of mycelium patches attached to the peridial surface emerge as the most significant systematic characters. Four new species: E. barrioi, E. quercicola, E. roseolus and E. violaceoniger, one new variety: E. papillatus var. sulphureopallidus, and two new forms: E. granulatus forma pallidosporus and E. anthracinus forma talosporus are introduced, as well as four new combinations in the genus: E. muricatus var. reticulatus, E. muricatus var. variegatus, E. papillatus var. striatosporus and E. morettii var. cantabricus. Lectotypes and epitypes are designated for most recognised species. For systematic purposes, new infrageneric taxa are introduced: E. sect. Ascoscleroderma stat. nov., E. subsect. Sclerodermei stat. nov., E. subsect. Maculati subsect. nov., E. subsect. Muricati subsect. nov., and E. subsect. Papillati subsect. nov. Lastly, E. laevigatus, E. sapidus, E. sulphureopallidus and E. trappei are excluded from the genus and referred to Rhizopogon roseolus, Astraeus sapidus comb. nov., Astraeus hygrometricus and Terfezia trappei comb. nov. (syn.: Terfezia cistophila), respectively

Mechanism of mucosal permeability enhancement of CriticalSorb® (Solutol® HS15) investigated In Vitro in cell cultures.

Purpose CriticalSorb™, with the principal component Solutol® HS15, is a novel mucosal drug delivery system demonstrated to improve the bioavailability of selected biotherapeutics. The intention of this study is to elucidate mechanism(s) responsible for the enhancement of trans-mucosal absorption of biological drugs by Solutol® HS15. Methods Micelle size and CMC of Solutol® HS15 were determined in biologically relevant media. Polarised airway Calu-3 cell layers were used to measure the permeability of a panel of biological drugs, and to assess changes in TEER, tight junction and F-actin morphology. The rate of cell endocytosis was measured in vitro in the presence of Solutol® HS15 using a membrane probe, FM 2–10. Results This work initially confirms surfactant-like behaviour of Solutol® HS15 in aqueous media, while subsequent experiments demonstrate that the effect of Solutol® HS15 on epithelial tight junctions is different from a ‘classical’ tight junction opening agent and illustrate the effect of Solutol® HS15 on the cell membrane (endocytosis rate) and F-actin cytoskeleton. Conclusion Solutol® HS15 is the principle component of CriticalSorb™ that has shown an enhancement in permeability of medium sized biological drugs across epithelia. This study suggests that its mechanism of action arises primarily from effects on the cell membrane and consequent impacts on the cell cytoskeleton in terms of actin organisation and tight junction opening

Sphingomyelinase D Activity in Model Membranes: Structural Effects of in situ Generation of Ceramide-1-Phosphate

The toxicity of Loxosceles spider venom has been attributed to a rare enzyme, sphingomyelinase D, which transforms sphingomyelin to ceramide-1-phosphate. The bases of its inflammatory and dermonecrotic activity, however, remain unclear. In this work the effects of ceramide-1-phosphate on model membranes were studied both by in situ generation of this lipid using a recombinant sphingomyelinase D from the spider Loxosceles laeta and by pre-mixing it with sphingomyelin and cholesterol. The systems of choice were large unilamellar vesicles for bulk studies (enzyme kinetics, fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering) and giant unilamellar vesicles for fluorescence microscopy examination using a variety of fluorescent probes. The influence of membrane lateral structure on the kinetics of enzyme activity and the consequences of enzyme activity on the structure of target membranes containing sphingomyelin were examined. The findings indicate that: 1) ceramide-1-phosphate (particularly lauroyl ceramide-1-phosphate) can be incorporated into sphingomyelin bilayers in a concentration-dependent manner and generates coexistence of liquid disordered/solid ordered domains, 2) the activity of sphingomyelinase D is clearly influenced by the supramolecular organization of its substrate in membranes and, 3) in situ ceramide-1-phosphate generation by enzymatic activity profoundly alters the lateral structure and morphology of the target membranes

Choice of the initial antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive individuals in the era of integrase inhibitors

BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the most frequently prescribed initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in recent years in HIV-positive persons in the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) and to investigate factors associated with the choice of each regimen. METHODS: We analyzed initial ART regimens prescribed in adults participating in CoRIS from 2014 to 2017. Only regimens prescribed in >5% of patients were considered. We used multivariable multinomial regression to estimate Relative Risk Ratios (RRRs) for the association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the choice of the initial regimen. RESULTS: Among 2874 participants, abacavir(ABC)/lamivudine(3TC)/dolutegavir(DTG) was the most frequently prescribed regimen (32.1%), followed by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)/elvitegravir(EVG)/cobicistat(COBI) (14.9%), TDF/FTC/rilpivirine (RPV) (14.0%), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC/EVG/COBI (13.7%), TDF/FTC+DTG (10.0%), TDF/FTC+darunavir/ritonavir or darunavir/cobicistat (bDRV) (9.8%) and TDF/FTC+raltegravir (RAL) (5.6%). Compared with ABC/3TC/DTG, starting TDF/FTC/RPV was less likely in patients with CD4100.000 copies/mL. TDF/FTC+DTG was more frequent in those with CD4100.000 copies/mL. TDF/FTC+RAL and TDF/FTC+bDRV were also more frequent among patients with CD4<200 cells//muL and with transmission categories other than men who have sex with men. Compared with ABC/3TC/DTG, the prescription of other initial ART regimens decreased from 2014-2015 to 2016-2017 with the exception of TDF/FTC+DTG. Differences in the choice of the initial ART regimen were observed by hospitals' location. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of initial ART regimens is consistent with Spanish guidelines' recommendations, but is also clearly influenced by physician's perception based on patient's clinical and sociodemographic variables and by the prescribing hospital location

Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015-2019

Altres ajuts: Spanish AIDS Research Network; European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER).Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. Methods: The study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation. Results: The reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)-positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV-RNA-positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV-RNA-positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV-RNA-positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti-HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV-related cirrhosis remains significant in this population

Consumo voluntario y digestibilidad in vivo de Panicum coloratum cv. verde diferido

En la Región Pampeana Semiárida se halla muy difundido el uso del pasto llorón (Eragrostis curvula) cuyo forraje diferido y utilizado con bovinos de cría les ocasiona pérdidas importantes de peso vivo. Sería apropiado, por lo tanto, la búsqueda de especies que se comporten mejor en condiciones de diferimiento. En este ensayo se evaluó Panicum cotoratum cv. verde trasladando todo el forraje producido durante su período de crecimiento (primavera, verano y otoño) a una época donde normalmente se observa escasez de forraje (invierno). Los parámetros que se pusieron bajo estudio fueron el consumo de la materia seca (CM S), la digestibilidad de la materia seca (DMS) y el consumo de la materia seca digestible (CMSD) medidas in vivo por el método de colección total de heces. En este ensayo se utilizaron 7 carneros (Pampinta) distintos en cada época bajo estudio. El forraje fue cortado a 5 cm del suelo de forma manual previo a las dos comidas diarias y suministrado a galpón, ad libitum. El ensayo se repitió en cuatro épocas distintas. El período de acostumbramiento de las épocas a y b (a: 21/03 al 05/04 y b: 02/05 al 17/05) fue de 7 días mientras que en las épocas e y d (e: 13/06 al 30/06 y d: 25/07 al 11/08) este período fue de 9 días. El período de medición fue de 8 días para cada época. Los resultados obtenidos indican que esta especie utilizada como diferido, supera los requerimientos energéticos de mantenimiento de una vaca de cría de raza británica, de 400 Kg. de peso vivo, seca y vacía en pastoreo en un 37% en la primera época evaluada, cubriendo en las 3 restantes aproximadamente el 80% de los requerimientos energéticos de ese mismo tipo de animal. Director: Dr. Néstor P. Stritzler. Cátedra de Nutrición Animal y Codirector: lng. Agr. Carlos M. Ferri. Cátedra de Forrajicultura ymanejo de pastura

Consumo voluntario y digestibilidad in vivo de Panicum coloratum cv. Verde diferido

En la Región Pampeana Semiárida se halla muy difundido el uso del pasto llorón (Eragrostis curvula) cuyo forraje diferido y utilizado con bovinos de cría les ocasiona pérdidas importantes de peso vivo. Sería apropiado, por lo tanto, la búsqueda de especies que se comporten mejor en condiciones de diferimiento. En este ensayo se evaluó Panicum coloratum cv. verde trasladando todo el forraje producido durante su periodo de crecimiento (primavera, verano y otoño) a una época donde normalmente se observa escasez de forraje (invierno). Los parámetros que se pusieron bajo estudio fueron el consumo de la materia seca (CM S), la digestibilidad de la materia seca (DM ) Y el consumo de la materia seca digestible CCMSD) medidas in vivo por el método de colección total de heces. En este ensayo se utilizaron 7 carneros (Pampinta) distintos en cada época bajo estudio. El forraje fue cortado a 5 cm del suelo de forma manual previo a las dos comidas diarias y suministrado a galpón, ad libitum. El ensayo se repitió en cuatro épocas distintas. El período de acostumbramiento de las épocas a y b Ca:21/03 al 05/04 y b: 02/05 al 17/05) fue de 7 días mientras que en las épocas e y d (e: 13/06 al 30/06 y d: 25/07 al 11/08) este período fue de 9 días. El periodo de medición fue de 8 días para cada época. En el cuadro siguiente se detallan los pesos promedio de los cameros en las 4 épocas, como as! también el CMS, la DMS y el CMSD. Los resultados obtenidos indican que esta especie utilizada como diferido, supera los requerimientos energéticos de mantenimiento de una vaca de cría de raza británica, de 400 Kg. De peso vivo seca y vacía en pastoreo en un 37% en la primera época evaluada, cubriendo en las 3 restantes aproximadamente el 80% de los requerimientos energéticos de ese mismo tipo de animal. Director: Dr. Néstor Pedro Stritzler. Cátedra de Nutrición Animal.   FE DE ERRATAS: se publica nuevamente este resumen, ya que en el volumen anterior se publico de manera incompleta

Anti-listeria Monocytogenes Activity Of Enterocins Microencapsulated By Ionic Gelation

The encapsulation of enterocins synthesized by . Enterococcus faecium CRL1385 through ionic gelation with calcium ions was analyzed. Different enterocins samples were lyophilised and encapsulated using low-methoxyl pectin as the coating material. Lipids present in milk butter were also added to control the release of antimicrobial peptides from the capsules. The morphology of fresh and freeze-dried capsules was examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of encapsulated bacteriocins was assessed against . Listeria monocytogenes 01/155 using the agar diffusion technique and direct contact in microplates. The capsules with higher lipid content showed a more spherical and uniform shape. Pathogen inhibition was observed for capsules prepared with different bacteriocin solutions both on solid (halo diameter = 8.5-13.5 mm) and in an aqueous medium (. ca. 2 log orders decline in . L. monocytogenes viability). The outcomes suggest that bacteriocin encapsulation through ionic gelation can be a potential alternative for the application of these antimicrobial peptides as biopreservatives in food. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.2912126Anal, A.K., Singh, H., Recent advances in microencapsulation of probiotics for industrial applications and targeted delivery (2007) Trends in Food Science & Technology, 18, pp. 240-251(2002) Official methods of analysis of AOAC international, , AOAC, AOAC International, MarylandAudisio, M.C., Oliver, G., Apella, M.C., Effect of different complex carbon sources on the growth of Enterococcus faecium and on its bacteriocin synthesis (2001) International Journal of Food Microbiology, 63, pp. 235-241Audisio, M.C., Terzolo, H.R., Apella, M.C., Bacteriocin from honeybee beebread Enterococcus avium, active against Listeria monocytogenes (2005) Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 71, pp. 3373-3375Borgogna, M., Bellich, B., Zorzin, L., Lapasin, R., Cesàro, A., Food microencapsulation of bioactive compounds: rheological and thermal characterisation of non-conventional gelling system (2010) Food Chemistry, 122, pp. 416-423Bower, C.K., McGuire, J., Daeschel, M.A., Suppression of Listeria monocytogenes colonization following adsorption of nisin onto silica surfaces (1995) Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 61, pp. 992-997Champagne, C.P., Fustier, P., Microencapsulation for the improved delivery of bioactive compounds into foods (2007) Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 18, pp. 184-190Daba, H., Pandian, S., Gosselin, J.F., Simard, R.E., Huang, J., Lacroix, C., Detection and activity of a bacteriocin produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides (1991) Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 57, pp. 3450-3455Gálvez, A., Abriouel, H., López, R.L., Omar, N.B., Bacteriocin-based strategies for food biopreservation (2007) International Journal of Food Microbiology, 120, pp. 51-70Gouin, S., Microencapsulation: industrial appraisal of existing technologies and trends (2004) Trends in Food Science & Technology, 15, pp. 330-347Hoffman, A.S., Hydrogels for biomedical applications (2002) Advance Drug Delivery Reviews, 43, pp. 3-12Ibarguren, C., Audisio, M.C., Farfán Torres, M.E., Apella, M.C., Silicates characterization as potential bacteriocin-carriers (2010) Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 11, pp. 197-202Ibarguren, C., Raya, R.R., Apella, M.C., Audisio, M.C., Enterococcus faecium isolated from honey synthesized bacteriocin-like substances active against different Listeria monocytogenes strains (2010) Journal of Microbiology, 48 (1), pp. 44-52Kopermsub, P., Varissaporn, M., Choochart, W., Potential use of niosomes for encapsulation of nisin and EDTA and their antibacterial activity enhancement (2011) Food Research International, 44, pp. 605-612Langdon, C.J., Levine, D.M., Jones, D.A., Microparticulate feeds for marine suspension-feeders (1985) Journal of Microencapsulation, 2 (1), pp. 1-11Mukai-Correa, R., Prata, A.S., Alvim, I.D., Grosso, C.R.F., Controlled release of protein from hydrocolloid gel microbeads before and after drying (2004) Current Drug Delivery, 1, pp. 265-273da Silva Malheiros, P., Daroit, D.J., Brandelli, A., Food applications of liposome-encapsulated antimicrobial peptides (2010) Trends in Food Science & Technology, 21 (6), pp. 284-292Siragusa, G.R., Dickson, J.S., Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes on beef tissue by application of organic acids immobilized in a calcium alginate cell (1992) Journal of Food Science, 57, pp. 293-296Talukder, R., Fassihi, R., Gastroretentive delivery systems: hollow beads (2004) Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 30 (4), pp. 405-412Teixeira, M.L., dos Santos, J., Silveira, N.P., Brandelli, A., Phospholipid nanovesicles containing a bacteriocin-like substance for control of Listeria monocytogenes (2008) Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 9, pp. 49-53Wan, J., Gordon, J., Hickey, M.W., Mawson, R.F., Coventry, M.J., Adsorption of bacteriocins by ingestible silica compounds (1996) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 81, pp. 167-173Willaert, R.G., Baron, G.V., Gel entrapment and micro-encapsulation: methods, applications and engineering principles (1996) Reviews in Chemical Engineering, 12, pp. 1-20

Immobilization of glucosyltransferase from Erwinia sp using two different techniques

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Two different techniques of glucosyltransferase immobilization were studied for the conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose. The optimum conditions for immobilization of Erwinia sp. glucosyltransferase onto Celite 545, determined using response surface methodology, was pH 4.0 and 170 U of glucosyltransferase/g of Celite 545. Using this conditions more than 60% conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose can be obtained. The immobilization of glucosyltransferase was also studied by its entrapment in microcapsules of low-methoxyl pectin and fat (butter and oleic acid). The non-lyophilized microcapsules of pectin, containing the enzyme and fat, showed higher glucosyltransferase activity, compared with lyophilized microcapsules containing enzyme plus fat, and also lyophilized microcapsules containing enzyme without fat addition. The non-lyophilized microcapsules of pectin containing the glucosyltransferase and fat, converted 30% of sucrose into isomaltulose in the first batch. However the conversion decreased to 5% at the 10th batch, indicating inactivation of the enzyme. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1583137143Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq