International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Stereochemistry of Bistricyclic Aromatic Enes and Related Polycyclic Systems

Bistricyclic aromatic enes (BAEs) and related polycyclic systems are a class of molecular materials that display a rich variety of conformations, dynamic stereochemistry and switchable chirality, color, and spectroscopic properties. This is due to the a subtle interplay of the inherent preference for planarity of aromatic systems and the competing necessity of non-planarity due to intramolecular overcrowding in the fjord regions built into the general molecular structure of BAEs. The conformational, dynamic, and spectroscopic properties may be designed and fine-tuned, e.g., by variation of the bridging groups X and Y, the overcrowding in the fjord regions, extensions of the aromatic system, or other modifications of the general BAE structure, based on the fundamental understanding of the structure-property relationships (SPR). The present review provides an analysis of the conformational spaces and the dynamic stereochemistry of overcrowded bistricyclic aromatic enes applying fundamental symmetry considerations. The symmetry analysis presented here allows deeper insight into the conformations, chirality, and the mechanisms of the dynamic stereochemistry, and will be instrumental in future computational studies