Monte Carlo simulation of kilovolt electron transport in solids

A Monte Carlo procedure to simulate the penetration and energy loss of low¿energy electron beams through solids is presented. Elastic collisions are described by using the method of partial waves for the screened Coulomb field of the nucleus. The atomic charge density is approximated by an analytical expression with parameters determined from the Dirac¿Hartree¿Fock¿Slater self¿consistent density obtained under Wigner¿Seitz boundary conditions in order to account for solid¿state effects; exchange effects are also accounted for by an energy¿dependent local correction. Elastic differential cross sections are then easily computed by combining the WKB and Born approximations to evaluate the phase shifts. Inelastic collisions are treated on the basis of a generalized oscillator strength model which gives inelastic mean free paths and stopping powers in good agreement with experimental data. This scattering model is accurate in the energy range from a few hundred eV up to about 50 keV. The reliability of the simulation method is analyzed by comparing simulation results and experimental data from backscattering and transmission measurements

Why Some Things Are Better Done in Tandem

International audienceAt a time and age which glorify individual performance, self-training and self-transcendence, pedagogists are still trying to make use of the benefits of collaborative learning, especially in relation to second language acquisition (SLA), an essentially social and interactional skill. Language tandem represents an ideal environment to look into the benefits of co-learning. O’Rourke (2005, p. 434) defines tandem learning as ‘an arrangement in which two native speakers of different languages communicate regularly with one another, each with the purpose of learning the other’s language’. Not only do tandem partners have the purpose of learning the target foreign language, they are also committed to helping their partner learn their mother tongue. One key question in this respect is how cooperation and solidarity affect the process of second language learning

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference English Pronunciation: Issues and Practices (EPIP 7): [on line]

This is the online, compiled proceedings from the 7th International Conference English Pronunciation: Issues and Practices (EPIP 7) which was held May 18–20, 2022 at Université Grenoble-Alpes, France. It includes 23 double-blind, peer-reviewed chapters written by authors from several countries, an introduction and a thematic index, and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (To view a copy of the license, please go to: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference English Pronunciation: Issues and Practices (EPIP 7): [on line]

This is the online, compiled proceedings from the 7th International Conference English Pronunciation: Issues and Practices (EPIP 7) which was held May 18–20, 2022 at Université Grenoble-Alpes, France. It includes 23 double-blind, peer-reviewed chapters written by authors from several countries, an introduction and a thematic index, and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (To view a copy of the license, please go to: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.