Wavelength-selected Neutron Pulses Formed by a Spatial Magnetic Neutron Spin Resonator

AbstractWe present a novel type of spatial magnetic neutron spin resonator whose time and wavelength resolution can be de- coupled from each other by means of a travelling wave mode of operation. Combined with a pair of highly efficient polarisers such a device could act simultaneously as monochromator and chopper, able to produce short neutron pulses, whose wavelength, spectral width and duration could be varied almost instantaneously by purely electronic means with- out any mechanical modification of the experimental setup. To demonstrate the practical feasibility of this technique we have designed and built a first prototype resonator consisting of ten individually switchable modules which allows to produce neutron pulses in the microsecond regime. It was installed at a polarised 2.6Å neutron beamline at the 250kW TRIGA research reactor of the Vienna University of Technology where it could deliver pulses of 55μs duration, which is about three times less than the passage time of the neutrons through the resonator itself. In order to further improve the achievable wavelength resolution to about 3% a second prototype resonator, consisting of 48 individual modules with optimised field homogeneity and enlarged beam cross-section of 6 × 6cm2 was developed. We present the results of first measurements which demonstrate the successful operation of this device

Investigating SSH Research and Publication Practices in Disciplinary and Institutional Contexts. A Survey-Based Comparative Approach in Two Universities

In this paper, we comparatively analyze, present and discuss the results from a survey on increasing the visibility of research achievements in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) that was carried out at the University of Vienna (Austria) and the University of Navarra (Spain) in 2016 and 2017. Covering four major topics—searching and finding literature, publishing, the visibility of research, and the assessment of research outputs—we ask the following questions: are there disciplinary differences to be identified, and how do they present themselves in the two institutional contexts? Discussing the results, we showcase how disciplinary and institutional traditions and contexts are important factors that influence research and publication practices in the SSH. Our results indicate that the practices of searching and finding literature as well as publication practices and behavior are shaped by disciplinary traditions and epistemic cultures. On the contrary, assessment and valuation of research outputs are influenced by institutional and national contexts in which SSH research is organized and carried out

Rapid evolution of the primate larynx?

Tissue vibrations in the larynx produce most sounds that comprise vocal communication in mammals. Larynx morphology is thus predicted to be a key target for selection, particularly in species with highly developed vocal communication systems. Here, we present a novel database of digitally modeled scanned larynges from 55 different mammalian species, representing a wide range of body sizes in the primate and carnivoran orders. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we demonstrate that the primate larynx has evolved more rapidly than the carnivoran larynx, resulting in a pattern of larger size and increased deviation from expected allometry with body size. These results imply fundamental differences between primates and carnivorans in the balance of selective forces that constrain larynx size and highlight an evolutionary flexibility in primates that may help explain why we have developed complex and diverse uses of the vocal organ for communication

Die EPrints-Story: Southampton - die Wiege der institutionellen Selbstarchivierung

The idea of institutional self-archiving was conceived 15 years ago, has gained momentum and is here to stay. It is inseparably linked to one of the movement's pioneers, the University of Southampton, UK. This article is about Southampton's tireless involvement in the self-archiving movement and describes the history of EPrints, the first freely available software designed to set up an institutional repository. EPrints has since evolved into Open Source software for creating most powerful information hubs and remains one of the most used repository platforms worldwide. Institutions with limited knowledge or personnel have the additional choice to use the not-for-profit EPrints Services to get their EPrints repository up and running.Die Idee zur institutionellen Selbstarchivierung entstand vor 15 Jahren, hat im Laufe der letzten Jahre an Bedeutung gewonnen und ist offensichtlich von Bestand. Die Bewegung ist untrennbar verbunden mit der Universität Southampton, UK, einer Pionierinstitution der Selbstarchivierung. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die unermüdliche Mitwirkung von Southampton an der Selbstarchivierungs-Bewegung und erzählt zugleich die Geschichte von EPrints, der ersten frei verfügbaren Software zur Errichtung von institutionellen Repositorien. EPrints hat sich mittlerweile zu Open Source Software für umfangreiche und leistungsstarke Informationsdrehscheiben entwickelt und ist weltweit nach wie vor eine der meist verwendeten Plattformen für Repositorien. Institutionen mit limitierten Fachkenntnissen oder begrenzten Personalressourcen haben zudem die Möglichkeit, Gebrauch von den nicht-gewinnorientierten EPrints Services zu machen, um ihr EPrints Repositorium funktionstüchtig zu bekommen und zu erhalten