The Organization of an Academy

The Academy Conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science is the one place in which representatives of the state academies meet for discussion of their common interests and problems. Since in the past ten years other immediate needs have held its attention, no discussion of the ever present problem of the methods of attaining its objectives has been presented, hence the present subject: - the organization of an academy-was chosen for discussion. As qualifications for presenting this material, the experiences during the past ten years as secretary of the Iowa Academy of Science and also the representative to the Academy Conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science may be deemed sufficient. During this period the Iowa Academy revised its constitution and in order to develop the foundation for as competent a body of working rules as was possible in the judgment of the revising committee, a study was made of the constitutions of its contemporary organizations. This study was the deciding factor in the selection of the subject for discussion at this meeting

Illustrations of the Fleshy Fungi of Iowa

The stinkhorn fungi have been chosen as the subject of the eighth group of illustrations of the fleshy fungi of Iowa. They are an interesting group because of their fetid odor that attracts flesh-eating flies, as well as their fantastic morphology. In the immature state their basidiocarps lie just below the surface of the soil, as globose to oval bodies composed of a thin leathery outer membrane over a gelatinous layer which in turn is bounded on the inside by a second membrane. The whole composes the volva which contains the unexpanded stem and spore mass. After a rain the stem expands, pushing the spore mass up into the air. The stem is spongy and hollow and expansion is rapid. The exposed spore mass which is sticky or slimy contains the greater part of the fetid material. Five species in five genera are illustrated and described

The general metaphysics of William Ernest Hocking.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University.This dissertation is an investigation in the general metaphysics of William Ernest Hocking. The attempt is made to expound and evaluate his metaphysical system as a whole, rather than to center attention on any single aspect of it in particular. Thus, the concern is with the basic metaphysical issues of the experience, knowledge, and nature of ultimate reality, considered primarily in the context of man's relationship to that which is most real. Although there have been several studies of various aspects of Hocking's philosophy, particularly in mysticism and the philosophy of religion, there have been no previous comprehensive investigations of his metaphysics as such. The method of procedure in this dissertation has been to concentrate primarily on Hocking's own writings, with such attention to other thinkers as may have been necessary for clearer expression and comment. [TRUNCATED

Illustrations of the fleshy fungi of Iowa, IX. Further Gasteromycetes

In addition to the puff balls and stinkhorns reported on previously1,2 many other interesting fungi are found among the Gasteromycetes, a few of which it seemed proper to include in this series. They are certain earth-stars, the common birds\u27-nest fungi, a stalked puff ball and a curious form which throws its spore ball like a catapult. The earth-stars, all in the genus Geastrum, are peculiar in that the outer wall of the basidiocarp, consisting of three well-defined layers, splits into lobes which bend away from the inner wall, giving the mature structure the characteristic star-shaped appearance. They are not uncommon but their color and the fact that they remain close to the ground allow them often to be overlooked. The birds\u27-nest fungi, as the name implies, have a number of spore balls (peridioles) enclosed in cup-shaped receptacles (basidiocarps) which are covered by a rupturing membrane (epiphragm). The sporidioles are attached to the interior of the cup by a mycelial thread, the funiculus, which by hygroscopic movements causes them to be discharged from the cup and thus aids their dissemination. Two species in separate genera, Crucibulum levis (DC) Kambly and Cyathus striatus Pers. are presented

Illustrations of the Fleshy Fungi of Iowa VI. Fleshy Poroid Forms

The fleshy poroid fungi which are illustrated in this paper are found in two of the families of the larger fungi, the Polyporaceae and the Boletaceae. Both families contain so many species that a comprehensive treatment of either could not be undertaken in the space available for this series of illustrations. Therefore only five very conspicuous and common species are presented

Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway

"The parent lines- the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific- were prosperous… The business of the West was expanding rapidly, and from 1904 to 1907 there was a very heavy traffic on these lines, amounting almost to congestion. In order to handle the business that was being offered, the creation of additional facilities was necessary.

Effect of Hardness of Water on the Fungicidal Value of Mercuric Chloride Solutions

A comparison of the fungicidal value of mercuric chloride solutions made up in tap water with those made up in distilled water showed that the tap water solutions were much less effective in killing the sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani on potato tubers. Of the 182 sclerotia treated with bichloride, 1-1000 in distilled water, only 6 or 1.1 per cent grew. In the case of a similar treatment of tap water solution of the 139 sclerotia examined, 34 or 7.1 per cent grew. Ninety per cent of untreated sclerotia grew in the control experiments. These facts are important in the application of seed treatments where the grower uses hard water in making up disinfecting solutions

Illustrations of the Fleshy Fungi of Iowa IV. Common Fleshy Ascomycetes

Superficially the fleshy Ascomycetes may be divided into the cup fungi and the sponge-mushrooms, or morels. The latter are undoubtedly the best known edible fungi in the state, for more people recognize them as mushrooms than they do the agarics. Because they are so well-known, the common forms and the more closely related similar species were chosen for illustration