So what do we do with the rest of the day? Going beyond the pre-shot routine in professional golf

Optimally focused attention has been shown to be a key psychological characteristic for peak performance in golf; a feature commonly achieved with a pre-shot routine. However, research to date has yet to address how a golfer’s attention should best shift across the broader period of a whole game, or even including pre-event preparations, to support the pre-shot process and, ultimately, performance. Reflecting this knowledge gap, the present review aims to clarify current conceptual understanding and best practice against this wider perspective on attentional control, as well as highlight areas which must be considered for advances to be made. Specifically, research is required on the cognitive, behavioral, and temporal elements of routines used between shots and holes. Furthermore, to manage the attentional demands of the entire golf performance experience, such investigation also needs to explore the critical role of the support team and pre-tournament planning

Some contributions to the bacteriology and epidemiology of enteric and brucella infections

One of the most frequent duties of the bacteriologist is to assist the clinician in the diagnosis of febrile conditions of obscure origin. In this country two of the revers uppermost in his mind are those due to the organisms of the enteric group and undulant fever due to Brucella abortus. When the diagnosis has been made, two questions must arise: how the patient acquired his infection and what might have been done to prevent it. The public health bacteriologist, whose interests now send increasingly to extend beyond the laboratory to the wider fields of epidemiology and preventive medicine, must play an important role, as an equal partner with the medical officer of health, in finding the answer to these questions. This partnership was fostered by the war and is now well established. It has been strengthened by the organisation of the Public Health Laboratory Service which provided the opportunities for many of the present observations, first in an extensive rural area and Later in a reverence laboratory for brucella infections.In the first part of this thesis the advances that have been made in the investigation of enteric fever during the last ten or fifteen years are reviewed and the results of some, personal inquiries are described. The second part comprises a discussion of some aspects of the epidemiology of undulant fever, based on the examination of about 400 strains of brucella recently isolated in this country and elsewhere

A Reusable, Extensible Infrastructure for Augmented Field Trips

This paper describes a reusable pervasive information infrastructure developed as part of the Equator IRC, designed to allow the construction of literacy based eLearning activities on top of material created as part of a more traditional visitors system. The architecture of the system is described along with details of the creation of the curated material and the subsequent adaption of the system by local primary school teachers to create a literacy experiences. Results of the first trials of the system are presented with conclusions drawn and discussion of future directions

The Literacy Fieldtrip: Using UbiComp to Support Children's Creative Writing

Fieldtrips, traditionally associated with science, history and geography teaching, have long been used to support children’s learning by allowing them to engage with environments first-hand. Recently, ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) has been used to enhance fieldtrips in these educational areas by augmenting environments with a range of instruments, devices and sensors. However, the sorts of interaction design that UbiComp makes possible have the potential not just to enhance the value of educational techniques in known application areas, but also to expand the application of those techniques into new areas of curriculum. We report on a UbiComp-supported fieldtrip to support creative writing, associated with the learning of literacy skills. We discuss how the fieldtrip, designed and run in the grounds of a historic English country house with Year 5 UK schoolchildren, engendered interactions which changed both the processes and products of creative writing, with benefits for both teachers and children

UbiComp in Opportunity Spaces: Challenges for Participatory Design

The rise of ubiquitous computing (UbiComp), where pervasive, wireless and disappearing technologies offer hitherto unavailable means of supporting activity, increasingly opens up ‘opportunity spaces’. These are spaces where there is no urgent problem to be solved, but much potential to augment and enhance practice in new ways. Based on our experience of co-designing novel user experiences for visitors to an English country estate, we discuss challenges for PD in such an opportunity space. Key amongst these are how to build a working relationship of value when there are no urgent requirements; how to understand and scope the space of opportunities; and how to leave users with new resources of value to them

A persistent infrastructure for augmented field trips

This paper describes an approach to the provision of pervasive field trips where a persistent infrastructure is provided, upon which teachers can easily create novel pervasive experiences for children. The physical infrastructure is briefly described along with the underlying information infrastructure, which enables the tools for authoring the content and designing the orchestration of the experience to be placed in the hands of teachers. A literacy experience and initial trials of the system are discussed, conclusions drawn, and future directions outlined

The diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques in aiding the localisation of prostate abnormalities for biopsy : a systematic review and economic evaluation

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Controlled production of the elusive metastable form II of acetaminophen (paracetamol) : a fully scalable templating approach in a cooling environment

A scalable, transferable, cooling crystallisation route to the elusive, metastable, form II of the API acetaminophen (paracetamol) has been developed using a multicomponent "templating" approach, delivering 100% polymorphic phase pure form II at scales up to 120 g. Favourable solubility and stability properties are found for the form II samples

La influencia del tiempo de sueño total autorreportado y la calidad del sueño en el desempeño físico de jugadores júnior de tenis

Studies have shown the importance of sleep on tennis skill execution; however, its influence on physical performance metrics is unclear. This study aimed to examine the extent to which sleep duration and sleep quality metrics influence physical performance metrics in junior tennis players. Thirty-six junior tennis players from Australia and Germany completed the Consensus Sleep Diary over seven nights. A novel total sleep score based on current National Sleep Foundation recommendations was generated (calculated as the percentage of the average standardised sleep metrics), for each player. Players’ physical performance was measured using a comprehensive tennis-specific testing battery. This included sit and reach test for flexibility, counter movement jump and overhead medicine ball throw for power, 5-, 10- and 20-metre sprints for speed, tennis agility test for agility and reaction time, grip strength for strength, repeat sprint ability for anaerobic capacity and the Hit and Turn Tennis Test for aerobic capacity. Teenage (14 to 17 years of age) players reported significantly lower sleep duration (471 ± 116 min versus 543 ± 72 min; p <0.001, d = 0.83) and sleep efficiency (90% ± 11% versus 94 % ± 5%; p = 0.011, d = 0.49) metrics than school-aged players. Players with higher self-reported sleep quality had slower reaction times during a tennis agility test (r = 0.604, p = 0.011). However, players who reported feeling more rested and refreshed had faster reaction times during a tennis agility test (r = -0.579, p = 0.020). No other significant associations were present between self-reported sleep metrics and physical performance metrics. Nevertheless, feeling well-rested and refreshed, one of the primary outcomes of sleep, improves reaction time during a tennis-specific agility test. However, physical performance metrics are not significantly influenced by small variations in recommended sleep duration and sleep quality ranges.Diversos estudios demuestran la importancia del sueño en la ejecución de las habilidades en el tenis, sin embargo, su influencia en las métricas del desempeño físico no es clara. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar hasta qué punto las métricas de la duración y calidad del sueño influencian las métricas del desempeño físico en jugadores júnior de tenis. Treinta y seis jugadores júnior de tenis de Australia y Alemania completaron el Diario de Sueño Consensuado durante siete noches. Para cada jugador se creó una nueva puntuación del sueño total basada en las recomendaciones actuales de la Fundación Nacional del Sueño (calculada como el porcentaje de la media de las métricas de sueño estandarizadas). El desempeño físico de los jugadores fue medido con una batería integral de pruebas específicas para el tenis. Las pruebas incluidas fueron la prueba de sentarse y alcanzar para flexibilidad, el salto en contramovimiento y el lanzamiento de balón medicinal sobre la cabeza para la potencia, sprints de 5, 10 y 20 metros para la velocidad, la prueba de agilidad en tenis para la agilidad y el tiempo de reacción, fuerza de agarre para la fuerza, capacidad de repetir sprint para la capacidad anaeróbica y la prueba de golpear y girar en tenis para la capacidad aeróbica. Los jugadores adolescentes (de 14 a 17 años) reportaron métricas significativamente menores en la duración del sueño (471 ± 116 min frente a 543 ± 72 min; p <0,001, d = 0,83) y la eficiencia del sueño (90% ± 11% versus 94 % ± 5%; p = 0,011, d = 0,49) comparadas con las de jugadores en edad escolar. Los jugadores con mayor calidad de sueño autorreportada tuvieron tiempos de reacción más lentos durante la prueba de agilidad en tenis (r = 0,604, p = 0,011). Sin embargo, los jugadores que reportaron sentirse más descansados y renovados tuvieron tiempos de reacción más rápidos durante la prueba de agilidad en tenis (r = -0,579, p = 0,020). No se encontraron otras asociaciones significativas entre las métricas de sueño autorreportadas y las del desempeño físico. No obstante, sentirse descansado y renovado, uno de los resultados principales del sueño, mejora el tiempo de reacción en la prueba de agilidad específica para tenis. Por otra parte, las métricas del desempeño físico no están influenciadas significativamente por las pequeñas variaciones en la duración del sueño y los rangos de calidad del sueño recomendados