Schottky barrier heights and interface chemistry in Ag, In, and Al overlayers on GaP(110)

We have carried out a study of the chemical reaction of silver, indium, and aluminium layers with cleaved GaP(110) surfaces using photoemission with synchrotron radiation. Core level photoelectron spectra show that silver and indium overlayers do not cause an interface reaction with GaP(110). The deposition of Al, on the other hand, leads to an extensive exchange reaction which also proceeds at low temperature, although influenced by changes in overlayer growth morphology. Surface band bending induced by the metallic overlayers was investigated as a function of deposition for n‐ and p‐type material. In contrast to earlier findings, almost identical Schottky barrier heights for In and Ag deposition are obtained, despite the large difference in work function between these two metals. Results for Al also suggest that a small range of pinning positions is responsible for the Schottky barrier heights for junctions of these metals with GaP(110). We find that large peak shifts due to a surface photovoltage induced by the photoemission light source affect the determination of the Schottky barrier heights. This and other possible reasons for the discrepancy with earlier work are discussed

N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid-N'-methylamide with side-chain orientation capable of external hydrogen bonding

In this study, we generated and analyzed the side-chain conformational potential energy hyper-surfaces for each of the nine possible backbone conformers for N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid-N' methylamide. We found a total of 27 out of the 81 possible conformers optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. The relative energies, as well as the stabilization energies exerted by the side-chain on the backbone, have been calculated for each of the 27 optimized conformers at this level of theory. Various backbone-backbone (N-(HO)-O-...=C) and backbone-side-chain (N-(HO)-O-...=C; N-(HOH)-O-...) hydrogen bonds were analyzed. The appearance of the notoriously absent epsilon(L) backbone conformer may be attributed to such side-chain-backbone (SC/BB) and backbone-backbone (BB/BB) hydrogen bonds

A stochastic method for the energy management in hybrid electric vehicles

There are many approaches addressing the problem of optimal energy management in hybrid electric vehicles; however, most of them optimise the control strategy for particular driving cycles. This paper takes into account that the driving cycle is not a priori known to obtain a near-optimal solution. The proposed method is based on analysing the power demands in a given receding horizon to estimate future driving conditions and minimise the fuel consumption while cancelling the expected battery energy consumption after a defined time horizon. Simulations show that the proposed method allows charge sustainability providing near-optimal results. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This research has been partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion through Project TRA2010-16205 uDiesel and by the Conselleria de Educacio Cultura i Esports de la Generalitat Valenciana through Project GV/2103/044 AECOSPH.Payri González, F.; Guardiola, C.; Plá Moreno, B.; Blanco-Rodriguez, D. (2014). A stochastic method for the energy management in hybrid electric vehicles. Control Engineering Practice. 29:257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2014.01.004S2572652

Professional phagocytes are recruited for the clearance of obsolete nonprofessional phagocytes in the Drosophila ovary

Cell death is an important process in the body, as it occurs throughout every tissue during development, disease, and tissue regeneration. Phagocytes are responsible for clearing away dying cells and are typically characterized as either professional or nonprofessional phagocytes. Professional phagocytes, such as macrophages, are found in nearly every part of the body while nonprofessional phagocytes, such as epithelial cells, are found in every tissue type. However, there are organs that are considered “immune-privileged” as they have little to no immune surveillance and rely on nonprofessional phagocytes to engulf dying cells. These organs are surrounded by barriers to protect the tissue from viruses, bacteria, and perhaps even immune cells. The Drosophila ovary is considered immune-privileged, however the presence of hemocytes, the macrophages of Drosophila, around the ovary suggests they may have a potential function. Here we analyze hemocyte localization and potential functions in response to starvation-induced cell death in the ovary. Hemocytes were found to accumulate in the oviduct in the vicinity of mature eggs and follicle cell debris. Genetic ablation of hemocytes revealed that the presence of hemocytes affects oogenesis and that they phagocytose ovarian cell debris and in their absence fecundity decreases. Unpaired3, an IL-6 like cytokine, was found to be required for the recruitment of hemocytes to the oviduct to clear away obsolete follicle cells. These findings demonstrate a role for hemocytes in the ovary, providing a more thorough understanding of phagocyte communication and cell clearance in a previously thought immune-privileged organ

Measurement of \cal{B}(D^+ --> mu^+ nu) and the Pseudoscalar Decay Constant fD+f_{D^+}

In 60 pb-1 of data taken on the psi(3770) resonance with the CLEO-c detector, we find 8 D+ to mu+ nu event candidates that are mostly signal, containing only 1 estimated background. Using this statistically compelling sample, we measure preliminary values of B(D+ to mu+ nu) = (3.5 +- 1.4 +- 0.6)*10^{-4}, and determine f_{D+} =(201+- 41+- 17) MeV.Comment: 17 pages postscript, also available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CONF/2004/, Presented at ICHEP Aug 16-22,2004, Beijing, Chin

Search for X(3872) in gamma gamma Fusion and ISR at CLEO

We report on a search for the recently reported X(3872) state using 15.1 fb^{-1} e+ e- data taken in the \sqrt{s} = 9.46-11.30 GeV region. Separate searches for the production of X(3872) in untagged gamma-gamma fusion and e+ e- annihilation following initial state radiation (ISR) are made by taking advantage of the unique correlation of J/psi -> l+ l- in X(3872) decay to pi+ pi- J/psi. No signals are observed in either case, and 90% confidence upper limits are established as (2J+1)\Gamma_{\gamma\gamma}B(X -> pi+ pi- J/psi) < 12.9 eV and \Gamma_{ee}B(X -> pi+ pi- J/psi) < 8.3 eV.Comment: 8 pages postscript,also available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/2004/, submitted to PR

Moments of the B Meson Inclusive Semileptonic Decay Rate using Neutrino Reconstruction

We present a measurement of the composition of B meson inclusive semileptonic decays using 9.4 fb^-1 of e^+e^- data taken with the CLEO detector at the Upsilon(4S) resonance. In addition to measuring the charged lepton kinematics, the neutrino four-vector is inferred using the hermiticity of the detector. We perform a maximum likelihood fit over the full three-dimensional differential decay distribution for the fractional contributions from the B -> X_c l nu processes with X_c = D, D*, D**, and nonresonant X_c, and the process B -> X_u l nu. From the fit results we extract the first and second moments of the M_X^2 and q^2 distributions with minimum lepton-energy requirements of 1.0 GeV and 1.5 GeV. We find = 0.456 +- 0.014 +- 0.045 +- 0.109 (GeV/c^2)^2 with a minimum lepton energy of 1.0 GeV and = 0.293 +- 0.012 +- 0.033 +- 0.048 (GeV/c^2)^2 with minimum lepton energy of 1.5 GeV. The uncertainties are from statistics, detector systematic effects, and model dependence, respectively. As a test of the HQET and OPE calculations, the results for the M^X_c moment as a function of the minimum lepton energy requirement are compared to the predictions.Comment: 26 pages postscript, als available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/, Submitted to PRD (back-to-back with following preprint hep-ex/0403053

The Search for eta(1440) --> K^0_S K^pm \pi^mp in Two-Photon Fusion at CLEO

We analyze 13.8 \rm fb^{-1} of the integrated e^+e^- luminosity collected at 10.6 GeV center-of-mass energy with the CLEO II and CLEO II.V detectors to study exclusive two-photon production of hadrons with masses below 1.7{\rm \ GeV/c^2} decaying into the K^0_S K^\pm \pi^\mp final state. We observe two statistically significant enhancements in the \eta(1440) mass region. These enhancements have large transverse momentum which rules them out as being due to pseudoscalar resonances but is consistent with the production of axial-vector mesons. We use tagged two-photon events to study the properties of the observed enhancements and associate them with the production of f_1(1285) and f_1(1420). Our non-observation of \eta(1440) is inconsistent by more than two standard deviations with the first observation of this resonance in two-photon collisions by the L3 experiment. We present our estimates for 90% confidence level upper limits on the products of two-photon partial widths of pseudoscalar hadrons and their branching fractions into K^0_S(\pi^+\pi^-)K^\pm\pi^\mp.Comment: 24 pages postscript,also available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/2004/, submitted to PR