Apoptosis in Displaced Temporomandibular Joint Disc with and without Reduction: An Immunohistochemical Study

Internal derangement (ID) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is due to an abnormal relationship of the articular disc to the mandibular condyle, glenoid fossa and articular eminence. The two most common types of internal derangement are anterior disc displacement with (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR). Disc displacement is associated with degenerative tissue changes. The histological features of discs from patients with TMJ ID reflect a general remodelling caused by abnormal loading. A correlation has been demonstrated between TMJ ID and apoptosis. Few investigations have addressed the role of apoptosis or caspase activity in TMJ ID. The apoptosis activation process was studied in different areas of discs from 18 patients with ID (both ADDwR and ADDwoR) and four cadavers (controls), with emphasis on the expression of caspase 3, whose activation makes the death process irreversible. The results showed a greater proportion of caspase 3‐positive cells in ADDwR and ADDwoR than in control discs. Immunopositivity also varied between disc areas; in particular, in ADDwoR sections labelled cells were significantly more numerous (P \u3c 0.01) in the posterior disc attachment than in the anterior and intermediate bands. In addition, a significantly greater proportion of labelled cells was seen in the anterior (+) and intermediate (++) band of ADDwR compared with ADDwoR discs both bands (P \u3c 0.05). These data suggest the importance of programmed cell death in the progression of TMJ ID

Vitamin K as a diet supplement with impact in human health: current evidence in age-related idseases

Vitamin K health benefits have been recently widely shown to extend beyond blood homeostasis and implicated in chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, dementia, cognitive impairment, mobility disability, and frailty. Novel and more efficient nutritional and therapeutic options are urgently needed to lower the burden and the associated health care costs of these age-related diseases. Naturally occurring vitamin K comprise the phylloquinone (vitamin K1), and a series of menaquinones broadly designated as vitamin K2 that differ in source, absorption rates, tissue distribution, bioavailability, and target activity. Although vitamin K1 and K2 sources are mainly dietary, consumer preference for diet supplements is growing, especially when derived from marine resources. The aim of this review is to update the reader regarding the specific contribution and effect of each K1 and K2 vitamers in human health, identify potential methods for its sustainable and cost-efficient production, and novel natural sources of vitamin K and formulations to improve absorption and bioavailability. This new information will contribute to foster the use of vitamin K as a health-promoting supplement, which meets the increasing consumer demand. Simultaneously, relevant information on the clinical context and direct health consequences of vitamin K deficiency focusing in aging and age-related diseases will be discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Occurrence and Regional Distribution of TRAIL and DR5 on Temporomandibular Joint Discs: Comparison of Disc Derangement with and without Reduction

Background Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an apoptosis-inducing member of the TNF gene family which triggers apoptotic signals by interaction with its receptors. It has been suggested to be a major contributing factor to tissue degeneration. Objective The present study investigated, through immunohistochemistry, the regional expression of TRAIL and in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc of anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR) patients, to help determine the relationship between TMJ disc displacement and apoptosis. Study design We studied 18 TMJ diseased discs affected by disc displacement without or with reduction and 4 normal TMJ discs. Specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry to evaluate TRAIL and its receptor DR5 expression. Results Disc tissues from internal derangements (both ADDwR and ADDwoR) exhibited a much higher percentage of TRAIL- and DR5-positive cells as well as stain intensity compared with normal tissue though with regional variation according to the portion of the disc. There was a significantly higher percentage of stained cells in the posterior disc attachment compared with the anterior or intermediate bands of both ADDwR and ADDwoR discs for TRAIL and DR5. Conclusions TRAIL and DR5 are overexpressed in displaced human TMJ disc, especially in the posterior disc attachment. These results suggest a possible pivotal role of the TRAIL/DR5 system in TMJ disc degeneration

Taman Kota di Kecamatan Pontianak Barat

Taman kota merupakan lahan terbuka publik yang berfungsi sosial dan estetik sebagai sarana kegiatan ekologis, rekreatif, edukasi atau kegiatan lain pada tingkat kota. Berdasarkan Permen PU No. 5/PRT/M/2008 Tahun 2008, cakupan pelayanan ditetapkan untuk setiap kelompok jumlah penduduk 2.500 orang memerlukan setidaknya satu buah ruang terbuka berupa taman aktif. Kecamatan Pontianak Barat adalah kecamatan berpenduduk 127.701 jiwa. Tidak terdapat satupun taman aktif pada kecamatan ini. Pendekatan konsep perancangan yang diambil adalah “Taman Tepian Sungai”. Aspek tersebut diterapkan pada perletakan zoning, ruang komunal, area interaksi dengan badan air, dan vegetasi kawasan. Secara singkat pengunjung taman dibagi dalam 4 kelompok usia, yaitu anak-anak, remaja, dewasa, dan lansia. Wadah komunal pada taman berfungsi sebagai area berkumpul warga kota juga berfungsi sebagai pengendali sosial taman. Pada taman ini, interaksi pengunjung dengan badan air terbatas hanya pada waterfront area. Pembatasan area interaksi ini berfungsi sebagai pengendalian keamanan pengunjung pada tepi badan air. Perbedaan ketinggian lantai yang berbeda-beda dimaksudkan agar pengunjung tetap dapat berinteraksi dengan badan air pada saat pasang maupun surut. Vegetasi yang digunakan memiliki kriteria cocok ditanam di tepian sungai yaitu menyerap banyak air, memiliki perakaran yang kuat dan tidak merusak struktur