Deepfake audio as a data augmentation technique for training automatic speech to text transcription models

To train transcriptor models that produce robust results, a large and diverse labeled dataset is required. Finding such data with the necessary characteristics is a challenging task, especially for languages less popular than English. Moreover, producing such data requires significant effort and often money. Therefore, a strategy to mitigate this problem is the use of data augmentation techniques. In this work, we propose a framework that approaches data augmentation based on deepfake audio. To validate the produced framework, experiments were conducted using existing deepfake and transcription models. A voice cloner and a dataset produced by Indians (in English) were selected, ensuring the presence of a single accent in the dataset. Subsequently, the augmented data was used to train speech to text models in various scenarios.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 7 table

Benchmarking quantized LLaMa-based models on the Brazilian Secondary School Exam

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a revolution in the way we interact with computers, allowing the construction of complex questions and the ability to reason over a sequence of statements, their use is restricted due to the need for dedicated hardware for execution. In this study, we evaluate the performance of LLMs based on the 7 and 13 billion LLaMA models, subjected to a quantization process and run on home hardware. The models considered were Alpaca, Koala, and Vicuna. To evaluate the effectiveness of these models, we developed a database containing 1,006 questions from the ENEM (Brazilian National Secondary School Exam). Our analysis revealed that the best performing models achieved an accuracy of approximately 46% for the original texts of the Portuguese questions and 49% on their English translations. In addition, we evaluated the computational efficiency of the models by measuring the time required for execution. On average, the 7 and 13 billion LLMs took approximately 20 and 50 seconds, respectively, to process the queries on a machine equipped with an AMD Ryzen 5 3600x processorComment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 4 table

League of Legends: Real-Time Result Prediction

This paper presents a study on the prediction of outcomes in matches of the electronic game League of Legends (LoL) using machine learning techniques. With the aim of exploring the ability to predict real-time results, considering different variables and stages of the match, we highlight the use of unpublished data as a fundamental part of this process. With the increasing popularity of LoL and the emergence of tournaments, betting related to the game has also emerged, making the investigation in this area even more relevant. A variety of models were evaluated and the results were encouraging. A model based on LightGBM showed the best performance, achieving an average accuracy of 81.62\% in intermediate stages of the match when the percentage of elapsed time was between 60\% and 80\%. On the other hand, the Logistic Regression and Gradient Boosting models proved to be more effective in early stages of the game, with promising results. This study contributes to the field of machine learning applied to electronic games, providing valuable insights into real-time prediction in League of Legends. The results obtained may be relevant for both players seeking to improve their strategies and the betting industry related to the game.Comment: 8 page

Validação de plantio direto de soja sobre residuo de milheto.

Descrição dos agroecossistemas; Resultados; Rendimento de grãos; Rendimento financeiro.bitstream/item/36287/1/Doc36.pd

Combinações de citocininas na proliferação in vitro de brotos de híbridos de Piper nigrum L.

A pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum) é propagada principalmente por estaquia que, além de ser pouco eficiente, pode possibilitar a disseminação de doença como a fusariose. Dessa forma, testes para verificar a eficiência da micropropagação in vitro são pertinentes. Neste trabalho testou-se dois híbridos intraespecíficos de pimenteira-do-reino com o uso de diferentes combinações dos reguladores de crescimento BAP (0,0 ou 0,5 mg.L-1) e TDZ (0,0; 0,25; 0,50; 1,0; 2,0; ou 4,0 μM) adicionados ao meio de cultura de Murashige Skoog (MS) acrescido de sacarose 3% e phytagel a 0,2% e pH ajustado para 5,8. Ápices caulinares foram inoculados em tubos de ensaio contendo 20 mL do meio de cultura e mantidos em sala de crescimento em condições controladas de cultivo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualisado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 11 utilizando-se 5 repetições. A proliferação de brotos foi avaliada após seis semanas de cultivo in vitro. Melhores resultados na micropropagação foram observados nos meios contendo BAP e/ou com baixa concentração de TDZ. A utilização da citocinina BAP na concentração de 0,5 mg.L-1 sem ou com a adição de 0,25μM de TDZ proporcionam resultados satisfatórios para a proliferação de brotos de pimenteira-do-reino, e há genótipo-especificidade para os híbridos intraespecíficos, indicando a necessidade de serem desenvolvidos protocolos regenerativos específicos para cada genótipo dessa espéci

Multiplicação de brotos in vitro em três cultivares de bananeira.

Apesar de ser considerada uma das plantas mais consumidas no Brasil, a produtividade média da banana no país é de 10 t/ ha/ ano, sendo que algumas doenças se constituem os principais fatores por esse baixo rendimento. A utilização de mudas de cultivares melhoras e livres de doenças é uma alternativa para aumentar a produtividade Para isso, a técnica de micropropagação tem se mostrado eficaz para a obtenção de mudas sadias e de qualidade e auxiliado os programas de melhoramento genético para a multiplicação rápida de genótipos selecionados. Visando a multiplicação rápida de três cultivares via micropropagação foi realizada a assepsia de ápices caulinares e inoculados em meio MS, com BAP 2,5 mg/L no estabelecimento e BAP 4,5 mg/L durante vários subcultivos. Os resultados mostraram que houve uma produtividade média de 2,03 brotos por ápice caulinar entre as cultivares, e a cultivar PV 0376 apresentou maior, multiplicação de brotos em relação as outras cultivares, média de 2,26 brotos, seguidas de 2,10 e 1,75 nas cultivares Pacovan ken e Thap maeo, respectivamente

Randomized open-label controlled study of cancer vaccine OSE2101 versus chemotherapy in HLA-A2-positive patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with resistance to immunotherapy: ATALANTE-1

Cancer vaccine; Immunotherapy resistance; Quality of lifeVacuna contra el cáncer; Resistencia a la inmunoterapia; Calidad de vidavacuna contra el càncer; Resistència a la immunoteràpia; Qualitat de vidaBackground Patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) ultimately progress either rapidly (primary resistance) or after durable benefit (secondary resistance). The cancer vaccine OSE2101 may invigorate antitumor-specific immune responses after ICB failure. The objective of ATALANTE-1 was to evaluate its efficacy and safety in these patients. Patients and methods ATALANTE-1 was a two-step open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of OSE2101 compared to standard-of-care (SoC) chemotherapy (CT). Patients with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-positive advanced NSCLC without actionable alterations, failing sequential or concurrent CT and ICB were randomized (2 : 1) to OSE2101 or SoC (docetaxel or pemetrexed). Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Interim OS futility analysis was planned as per Fleming design. In April 2020 at the time of interim analysis, a decision was taken to prematurely stop the accrual due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Final analysis was carried out in all patients and in the subgroup of patients with ICB secondary resistance defined as failure after ICB monotherapy second line ≥12 weeks. Results Two hundred and nineteen patients were randomized (139 OSE2101, 80 SoC); 118 had secondary resistance to sequential ICB. Overall, median OS non-significantly favored OSE2101 over SoC {hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.86 [0.62-1.19], P = 0.36}. In the secondary resistance subgroup, OSE2101 significantly improved median OS versus SoC [11.1 versus 7.5 months; HR (95% CI) 0.59 (0.38-0.91), P = 0.017], and significantly improved post-progression survival (HR 0.46, P = 0.004), time to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status deterioration (HR 0.43, P = 0.006) and Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30) global health status compared to SoC (P = 0.045). Six-month disease control rates and progression-free survival were similar between groups. Grade ≥3 adverse effects occurred in 11.4% of patients with OSE2101 and 35.1% in SoC (P = 0.002). Conclusions In HLA-A2-positive patients with advanced NSCLC and secondary resistance to immunotherapy, OSE2101 increased survival with better safety compared to CT. Further evaluation in this population is warranted.This work was supported by OSE Immunotherapeutics (no grant number)

Nanostructured Photocatalysts and Their Applications in the Photocatalytic Transformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass: An Overview

Heterogeneous photocatalysis offer many possibilities for finding appropiate environmentally friendly solutions for many of the the problems affecting our society (i.e., energy issues). Researchers are still looking for novel routes to prepare solid photocatalysts able to transform solar into chemical energy more efficiently. In many developing countries, biomass is a major energy source, but currently such countries lack of the technology to sustainably obtain chemicals and/or fuels from it. The Roadmap for Biomass Technologies, authored by 26 leading experts from academia, industry, and government agencies, has predicted a gradual shift back to a carbohydrate-based economy. Biomass and biofuels appear to hold the key to satisfy the basic needs of our societies for the sustainable production of liquid fuels and high value-added chemicals without compromising the scenario of future generations. In this review, we aim to discuss various design routes for nanostructured photocatalytic solid materials in view of their applications in the selective transformation of lignocellulosic biomass to high value-added chemical