Zeolite-based monoliths for water softening by ion exchange/precipitation process

In this work, the design of a monolithic softener obtained by geopolymer gel conversion is proposed. The softener used consists in a geopolymeric macroporous matrix functionalized by the co-crystallization of zeolite A and X in mixture. The dual nature of the proposed material promotes a softening process based on the synergistic effect of cation exchange and alkaline precipitation. A softening capacity of 90% and 54% for Ca2+ and Mg2+ respectively was attained in 24 h. In fact, the softener reported a Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) value of 4.43 meq g−1. Technical features such as density, porosity and mechanical resistance were also measured. The use of this monolithic softener can improve performance and sustainability of hardness removal from tap water, reducing the production of sludge and adding the possibility to partially regenerate or reuse it

Surgical treatment of tertiary hyperparathyroidism: does one fit for all?

Background Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (3HPT) is defined as a condition of excessive autonomous excretion of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) with persistent hypercalcemia (>10.5 mg/dL) that lasts for more than 12 months after a successful kidney transplantation, in the context of a long course secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT). The chronic high levels of iPTH cause a worsening of graft function, accompanied by systemic symptoms of hypercalcemia. The only curative therapy is parathyroidectomy (PTX). It remains unclear whether total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (TPTX-AT) or subtotal parathyroidectomy (SPTX) lead to better outcomes.Aims The aim of this retrospective, single-institution cohort study is to evaluate the rate of persistent or recurrent disease and postoperative calcium/iPTH disturbances in patients treated with TPTX-AT or SPTX for 3HPT.Methods A single-center retrospective analysis of 3HPT patients submitted to TPTX-AT or SPTX between 2007-2020 with at least 24 months follow-up was conducted. The outcome parameters included persistence/recurrence of disease, incidence of transitory hypocalcemia, and temporary/permanent hypoparathyroidism.Results A cohort of 52 patients was analyzed and divided in two groups: 38 (73%) were submitted for TPTX-AT, and 14 patients (27%) were submitted for SPTX. The TPTX-AT population showed lower plasmatic calcium concentrations compared with the SPTX group during the entire follow-up period (p<0.001). There were eight cases (21%) of transitory hypocalcemia in the TPTX-AT group and none in the SPTX group, with p=0.065. Two cases (5%) of temporary hypoparathyroidism occurred in the TPTX-AT group and none in the SPTX group, with p= 0.530. There were no cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism and no cases of persistent disease. No statistical difference was assessed for the recurrence of 3HPT between the TPTX-AT group and the SPTX group (N=1, 3% vs N=1, 7%) (p=0.470).Conclusion No significative difference was registered between the TPTX-AT and SPTX groups in terms of persistence/recurrence of disease, incidence of transitory hypocalcemia, and temporary/permanent hypoparathyroidism. Mean calcium levels iPTH values were statistically lower among the TPTX-AT group compared with the SPTX group while remaining always in the range of normality

The need for new "patient-related" guidelines for the treatment of acute cholecystitis

Heterogeneity of patients affected by acute cholecystitis, and their co-morbidities make very difficult to standardize the therapy for this very common condition. The staging system suggested in the recent "Tokyo guidelines", did not show a relevant impact on the management of patients and on the outcome of the disease. The relation among local pathological picture, patient clinical status and treatment algorithm, has to be better studied

Frailty assessment in an unselected population admitted to an intensive cardiac care unit

Abstract Background Although interest in frailty has expanded among cardiology experts over the past 2 decades, its integration, as part of cardiovascular disease management, is still lacking, above all in the acute cardiac care setting. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a brief guided tool to assess frailty in hospital settings without specialist equipment. Purpose Our objective was to test the performance of the CFS in an older, unselected population, admitted to an Intensive Cardiac Care Unit (ICCU) during the year 2019. Methods The study sample included 431 patients ≥65 years old, admitted to an ICCU of a tertiary cardiac center in Italy. The CFS ranged from "very fit: 1" to "terminally ill: 9", but it was considered present at a score ≥5. Our primary endpoint was defined by a combination of severe complications requiring critical care and in-hospital death. The data were collected from the hospital discharge summary and the electronic chart records. Results 158 patients (36.7%) were frail. These individuals had greater comorbidity and higher in-hospital mortality (Table 1). After a multivariable logistic regression analysis, 4 predictors were identified: signs of congestive heart failure (OR: 8.51, 95% Confidence Interval-CI: 4.63–14.6; p&lt;0,001), systolic blood pressure (OR per 1 mmHg increasing: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99; p&lt;0,001), smoking habit (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.22–1.11; p=0.09) and the CFS ≥5 (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.08–3.23: p=0,026). Conclusions The CFS is a simple guided frailty tool that may enhance outcome prediction in the acute cardiac care setting. These findings merit evaluation in larger cohorts of unselected patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None

Relationship of body condition score and blood urea and ammonia to pregnancy in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes

The relationship of body condition score ( BCS) and blood urea and ammonia to pregnancy outcome was examined in Italian Mediterranean Buffalo cows mated by AI. The study was conducted on 150 buffaloes at 145 +/- 83 days in milk that were fed a diet comprising 14.8% crude protein, 0.9 milk forage units . kg(-1) dry matter and a non- structural carbohydrate/ crude protein ratio of 2.14. The stage of the oestrous cycle was synchronised by the Ovsynch- TAI programme and blood urea and ammonia levels were assessed on the day of AI. Energy corrected milk ( ECM) production and BCS were recorded bi- weekly. The pregnancy risk was 46.7% and was slightly lower in buffaloes with BCS 7.5. There were no significant differences in ECM, urea and ammonia between pregnant and non- pregnant buffaloes. However, pregnancy outcome was higher ( P = 0.02) in buffaloes with blood urea < 6.83 mmol . L-1. The likelihood of pregnancy for buffaloes with low urea blood level was 2.6 greater than for high urea level and exposure to a high urea level lowered the probability of pregnancy by about 0.25. The findings indicate that buffaloes are similar to cattle and increased blood levels of urea are associated with reduced fertility when animals are mated by AI

embryonic mortality in buffalo naturally mated

The aim of this work was to evaluate the incidence of embryonic mortality in three different period of year in buffaloes naturally mated. The trial was carried out in a buffalo farm located in Caserta province between 2000-2006. In this period were registered natural insemination on 200 buffaloes. Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out on Day 30, confirmed on Day 45 and every 15th days until 90 days after natural mating. Buffaloes that were pregnant on Day 30 but not on Day 45 or Day 90 were considered to have undergone embryonic (EM) or fetal mortality (FM) respectively. EM and FM were 8.8% and 13.4% respectively throughout the experimental period. A high incidence (P<0.01) of FM was found in the transitional period (December-March) than in other months of the year. The incidence of embryonic mortality was significantly (P<0.01) higher between 28-60 days of gestation and lower after 71 day of gestation. The higher fetal mortality found in this study could be due the lower serum levels of progesterone normally found in transitional period in buffalo cows

Bone marrow vasculature advanced in vitro models for cancer and cardiovascular research

Copyright © 2023 Campanile, Bettinelli, Cerutti and Spinetti. Cardiometabolic diseases and cancer are among the most common diseases worldwide and are a serious concern to the healthcare system. These conditions, apparently distant, share common molecular and cellular determinants, that can represent targets for preventive and therapeutic approaches. The bone marrow plays an important role in this context as it is the main source of cells involved in cardiovascular regeneration, and one of the main sites of liquid and solid tumor metastasis, both characterized by the cellular trafficking across the bone marrow vasculature. The bone marrow vasculature has been widely studied in animal models, however, it is clear the need for human-specific in vitro models, that resemble the bone vasculature lined by endothelial cells to study the molecular mechanisms governing cell trafficking. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on in vitro models of bone marrow vasculature developed for cardiovascular and cancer research.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. MC and GS are supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente and 5xmille to the IRCCS MultiMedica). CC is the recipient of the International Cancer Research Fellowship ICARE-2 funded from by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 800924 (“Single-cell epigenetic and molecular signatures in human breast cancer metastasis formation)