Offset frequency dynamics and phase noise properties of a self-referenced 10 GHz Ti:sapphire frequency comb

This paper shows the experimental details of the stabilization scheme that allows full control of the repetition rate and the carrier-envelope offset frequency of a 10 GHz frequency comb based on a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. Octave-spanning spectra are produced in nonlinear microstructured optical fiber, in spite of the reduced peak power associated with the 10 GHz repetition rate. Improved stability of the broadened spectrum is obtained by temperature-stabilization of the nonlinear optical fiber. The carrier-envelope offset frequency and the repetition rate are simultaneously frequency stabilized, and their short- and long-term stabilities are characterized. We also measure the transfer of amplitude noise of the pump source to phase noise on the offset frequency and verify an increased sensitivity of the offset frequency to pump power modulation compared to systems with lower repetition rate. Finally, we discuss merits of this 10 GHz system for the generation of low-phase-noise microwaves

Circumpolar Health-Related Problems

Reports on the 1967 Symposium on Circumpolar Health-Related Problems, Univ of Alaska, 23-28 July, sponsored by the Arctic Institute of North America under a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Speakers from Canada and the USA were joined by representatives from Denmark, Greenland, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the USSR. The papers presented related to pulmonary and virus diseases, zoonoses, environmental stresses on human behavior, physiology, anthropology, nutrition and hazardous contamination of the environment

BIOMECHANICS AND KINESIOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN COLORADO

We are all grateful to Professor Jerry Barham for his work in assembling this conference. Those of us at UNC value greatly his professional work and appreciate his effort in bringing this international symposium to Colorado. As a young university, this institution is especially gratified to host such a distinguished event. This session of the 3rd International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sport allows me to sketch for you a brief history of the kinesiology program--as it is called at the University of Northern Colorado. As you might expect, the preparation for this presentation gave me the opportunity to learn more about the history of the program. I have my suspicions that there are some internal political purposes behind this invitation--to know and better appreciate the program--but that is all well and good. Too seldom do administrators in a university have the opportunity to learn in detail the history of a program and a field. As you know, on most campuses we central administrators are supposedly confined to some tower from which we send edicts--at least that is the mythology. In fact, we are often trapped by demands placed on us by external constituencies such as legislatures and super boards. We came into academia in order to serve our own intellectual interests and ultimately to serve the intellectual interests of our faculty colleagues. And that remains the case for virtually all of us. However, we are often to be found warring over policies imposed and policies to be developed than we are looking at the intellectual aspects of one of the disciplines in the university. For all those reasons, I am pleased to be here and to join you for a little while

Evaluation of Natural Steelhead Recruitment in the Muskegon River, Michigan

The lower Muskegon River is one of the most heavily fished rivers in the state of Michigan and is a valuable component of the multi-billion dollar sport fishery in the Great Lakes. Although significant stocking effort has been invested to maintain and improve the steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fishery in the Muskegon River, natural recruitment has been severely limited due to high summer water temperatures. The goal of this research project was to evaluate the success of a diffuser system installed in 2008 at Croton Dam to moderate high summer water temperatures in the lower Muskegon River. I estimated natural juvenile steelhead abundance, survival, and production in the Muskegon River and compare that with previous work to see if there has been a population level response to the installation of the diffuser. In addition, I used heat shock protein analysis to confirm whether juvenile steelhead are experiencing thermal stress in the Muskegon River. First, I used water temperature data from the USGS gauging station on the Muskegon River from 2006-2008 and 2010-2012 to compare stream temperatures before and after the installation of the diffuser. Based on the summary of the mean monthly average temperature, temperatures in August remained similar before and after the installation of the diffuser even though temperatures in July 2010-2012 were 0.8⁰C higher than July 2006-2008. Based on the results from this study, stream temperatures in the Muskegon River do not appear to have improved since the installation of the diffuser. Pass depletion surveys were used to estimate parr survival, production and growth in the Muskegon River and Bigelow Creek during 2011-2013. Average fall density of parr in Bigelow Creek was 48-fold higher than in the Muskegon River. Average summer daily mortality rate of parr in the Muskegon River was nearly six-fold higher than in Bigelow Creek. High mortality rates in the Muskegon River corresponded to average summer water temperatures exceeding 21⁰C. My results were similar to previous work completed on the Muskegon River and suggest that natural steelhead production in the Muskegon River is still severely limited due to high summer water temperatures. The final object of this study was to investigate whether juvenile steelhead in the Muskegon River and Bigelow Creek are experiencing thermal stress as a result of high summer water temperature using fin tissue to conduct heat shock protein analysis. I found that there were significant differences in fin heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) levels across sites and seasons. Relative hsp70 levels for each site in August varied significantly from June and October at all of my sites, except for one site in Bigelow Creek, which had lower summer water temperatures. Collectively, these results suggest that juvenile steelhead in the Muskegon River are still experiencing prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures and thermal stress, which result in physiological consequences that could ultimately affect the survival of naturally reproducing steelhead in the Muskegon River

The reverse protraction factor in the induction of bone sarcomas in radium-224 patients

More than 50 bone sarcomas have occurred among a collective of about 800 patients who had been injected in Germany after World War II with large activities of radium-224 for the intended treatment of bone tuberculosis and ankylosing spondylitis.^In an earlier analysis it was concluded that, at equal mean absorbed doses in the skeleton, patients with longer exposure time had a higher incidence of bone sarcomas.^The previous analysis was based on approximations; in particular, it did not account for the varying times at risk of the individual patients.^In view of the implications of a reverse protraction factor for basic considerations in radiation protection, the need was therefore felt to reevaluate the data from the continued follow-up by more rigorous statistical methods.^A first step of the analysis demonstrates the existence of the reverse dose-rate effect in terms of a suitably constructed rank-order test.^In a second step of the analysis it is concluded that the data are consistent with a linear no-threshold dose dependence under the condition of constant exposure time, while there is a steeper than linear dependence on dose when the exposure times increase proportionally to dose.^A maximum likelihood fit of the data is then performed in terms of a proportional hazards model that includes the individual parameters, dose, treatment duration, and age at treatment.^The fit indicates proportionality of the tumor rates to mean skeletal dose with an added factor (1 + 0.18.tau), where tau is the treatment time in months.^This indicates that a protraction of the injections over 15 months instead of 5 months doubles the risk of bone sarcoma

An Investigation of Molech and Recent Theories Concerning the Term

The influence of mechanistic, materialistic science, through Evolutionism, has in recent centuries shaped men\u27s theories regarding the origin and development of the religions of mankind. Since the universe was conceived to be the direct result of vast eras of development by a simple process of cause and effect, it had to follow that religion was also an outgrowth of the same lines of cause and effect. Deistic speculation, indeed, made God the primal cause of this development, insofar as he set the universe in motion, leaving it to evolve in its own way, but Deism thought of religion as being merely a part of the natural process of the evolution of the universe