375 research outputs found
A High Statistics Search for Electron-Neutrino --> Tau-Neutrino Oscillations
We present new limits on nu_e to nu_tau and nu_e to nu_sterile oscillations
by searching for electron neutrino dissappearance in the high-energy wide-band
CCFR neutrino beam. Sensitivity to nu_tau appearance comes from tau decay modes
in which a large fraction of the energy deposited is electromagnetic. The beam
is composed primarily of muon neutrinos but this analysis uses the 2.3%
electron neutrino component of the beam. Electron neutrino energies range from
30 to 600 GeV and flight lengths vary from 0.9 to 1.4 km. This limit improves
the sensitivity of existing limits and obtains a lowest 90% confidence upper
limit in sin**2(2*alpha) of 9.9 x 10**(-2) at delta-m**2 of 125 eV**2.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. D. Rapid Com
A measurement of from the Gross-Llewellyn Smith Sum Rule
We extract a set of values for the Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum rule at
different values of 4-momentum transfer squared (), by combining revised
CCFR neutrino data with data from other neutrino deep-inelastic scattering
experiments for . A comparison with the order
theoretical predictions yields a determination of
at the scale of the Z-boson mass of . This measurement
provides a new and useful test of perturbative QCD at low , because of the
low uncertainties in the higher order calculations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Kestenbaum procedure with posterior fixation suture for anomalous head posture in infantile nystagmus
The purpose of this study was to report the effect of combining the Kestenbaum procedure with posterior fixation suture for infantile horizontal nystagmus with anomalous head posture (AHP) in children.
Nine consecutive patients who underwent combined Kestenbaum procedure plus posterior fixation suture to the recessed muscles at the same time were retrospectively studied. All patients were orthotropic before surgery and were followed for at least 6 months. Pre- and postoperative AHP and binocular corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and ocular alignment were assessed.
Mean age at surgery was 4.8 ± 1.5 years. The average follow-up was 29.7 months. The average head turn preoperatively was 27.4° and postoperatively 7.2°. The average net change in AHP was 24.8° (P = 0.008). Seven of 9 patients (78%) achieved a residual head turn of 10° or less. The average Log Mar BCVA was 0.33 preoperatively and 0.31 postoperatively (P = 0.68). Only 1 patient needed additional surgery for residual horizontal AHP. No patient developed strabismus.
Combined Kestenbaum procedure with posterior fixation suture was an effective and stable procedure in reducing AHP of the range of 20° to 35° in children with infantile nystagmus
A meta-analytic review of stand-alone interventions to improve body image
Objective
Numerous stand-alone interventions to improve body image have been developed. The
present review used meta-analysis to estimate the effectiveness of such interventions, and
to identify the specific change techniques that lead to improvement in body image.
Methods
The inclusion criteria were that (a) the intervention was stand-alone (i.e., solely focused on
improving body image), (b) a control group was used, (c) participants were randomly
assigned to conditions, and (d) at least one pretest and one posttest measure of body
image was taken. Effect sizes were meta-analysed and moderator analyses were conducted.
A taxonomy of 48 change techniques used in interventions targeted at body image
was developed; all interventions were coded using this taxonomy.
Results
The literature search identified 62 tests of interventions (N = 3,846). Interventions produced
a small-to-medium improvement in body image (d+ = 0.38), a small-to-medium reduction in
beauty ideal internalisation (d+ = -0.37), and a large reduction in social comparison tendencies
(d+ = -0.72). However, the effect size for body image was inflated by bias both within
and across studies, and was reliable but of small magnitude once corrections for bias were
applied. Effect sizes for the other outcomes were no longer reliable once corrections for
bias were applied. Several features of the sample, intervention, and methodology moderated
intervention effects. Twelve change techniques were associated with improvements in
body image, and three techniques were contra-indicated.
Conclusions
The findings show that interventions engender only small improvements in body image, and
underline the need for large-scale, high-quality trials in this area. The review identifies effective
techniques that could be deployed in future interventions
Thermodynamics of SU(N) Yang-Mills theories in 2+1 dimensions II - The deconfined phase
We present a non-perturbative study of the equation of state in the
deconfined phase of Yang-Mills theories in D=2+1 dimensions. We introduce a
holographic model, based on the improved holographic QCD model, from which we
derive a non-trivial relation between the order of the deconfinement phase
transition and the behavior of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor as a
function of the temperature T. We compare the theoretical predictions of this
holographic model with a new set of high-precision numerical results from
lattice simulations of SU(N) theories with N=2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 colors. The
latter reveal that, similarly to the D=3+1 case, the bulk equilibrium
thermodynamic quantities (pressure, trace of the energy-momentum tensor, energy
density and entropy density) exhibit nearly perfect proportionality to the
number of gluons, and can be successfully compared with the holographic
predictions in a broad range of temperatures. Finally, we also show that, again
similarly to the D=3+1 case, the trace of the energy-momentum tensor appears to
be proportional to T^2 in a wide temperature range, starting from approximately
1.2 T_c, where T_c denotes the critical deconfinement temperature.Comment: 2+36 pages, 10 figures; v2: comments added, curves showing the
holographic predictions included in the plots of the pressure and energy and
entropy densities, typos corrected: version published in JHE
Limits on and Oscillations from a Precision Measurement of Neutrino-Nucleon Neutral Current Interactions
We present limits on and
oscillations based on a study of
inclusive interactions performed using the CCFR massive coarse grained
detector in the FNAL Tevatron Quadrupole Triplet neutrino beam. The sensitivity
to oscillations is from the difference in the longitudinal energy deposition
pattern of versus or charged current
interactions. The energies ranged from 30 to 500 GeV with a mean of
140 GeV. The minimum and maximum flight lengths are 0.9 km and 1.4 km
respectively. For oscillations, the lowest 90% confidence
upper limit in of is obtained at ~eV. This result is the most stringent limit to date for
eV. For oscillations, the lowest 90%
confidence upper limit in of is obtained at
~eV. This result is the most stringent limit to date for
eV, and also excludes at 90% confidence much of the
high region favored by the recent LSND observation.Comment: Revised version contains limit on oscillations as
well as limit on oscillations found in original. 15
pages, ReVTeX, 3 figures in uuencoded file, submitted to PR
Analytical in vitro approach for studying cyto- and genotoxic effects of particulate airborne material
In the field of inhalation toxicology, progress in the development of in vitro methods and efficient exposure strategies now offers the implementation of cellular-based systems. These can be used to analyze the hazardous potency of airborne substances like gases, particles, and complex mixtures (combustion products). In addition, the regulatory authorities require the integration of such approaches to reduce or replace animal experiments. Although the animal experiment currently still has to provide the last proof of the toxicological potency and classification of a certain compound, in vitro testing is gaining more and more importance in toxicological considerations. This paper gives a brief characterization of the CULTEX® Radial Flow System exposure device, which allows the exposure of cultivated cells as well as bacteria under reproducible and stable conditions for studying cellular and genotoxic effects after the exposure at the air–liquid or air–agar interface, respectively. A commercial bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o-) as well as Salmonella typhimurium tester strains were exposed to smoke of different research and commercial available cigarettes. A dose-dependent reduction of cell viability was found in the case of 16HBE14o- cells; S. typhimurium responded with a dose-dependent induction of revertants. The promising results recommend the integration of cellular studies in the field of inhalation toxicology and their regulatory acceptance by advancing appropriate validation studies
- …