USE OF SOME FUNGICIDES IN CONTROL OF APPLE SCAB AND STORAGE DISEASES

The paper present an analysis of the biological efficacy of some new experimented during 2008-2011 at RIFG Pitesti, in order to protect the stored apples against apple scab, brown rot and other damaging storage diseases. During the experiment, 11 fungicides, including 9 single active ingredients and 2 new actives mixes, were tested by preventive treatments applied in the orchards on 4 winter apple cultivars ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Idared’, ‘Nured Jonathan’ and ‘Starkrimson’. The biological material was stored in the cold warehouse then assessed under lab conditions. The results obtained revealed that in control of brown rot, the best results were obtained with: Chorus 75 WDG - 0.3 kg/ha/treatment, Rovral 500 SC - 1.5L/ha/treatment, Switch 62.5 - 1kg/ha/treatment and Bellis 38 WG 0.8 kg/ha/treatment (F%: 0.75%; 0.25; 0%; 0%). As regard the control of apple scab, under storage conditions, the finest results were obtained with: Chorus 75 WDG - 0.3 kg/ha/treatment, Mystic Extra 0.75L/ha/treatment, Topsin M70 1kg/ha/treatment, Score 250 EC 0,2L/ha/treatment, Indar 5 EW 1,2 kg/ha/treatment, Toledo 430 SC 0.45L/ha/tratment, Folicur Solo 0.75L/ha/treatment (F%: 0%; 0.36%; 0.75%; 1.37%; 1.75%; 2.01%; 2.25%; 3.75%). Also, the treatments applied in 2011 with Bellis 38 WG 0.8 kg/ha and Switch 62.5 - 1kg/ha/treatment protected very well the stored apples against the apple scab and 4 other specific storage diseases (F%: 0)

EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO PESTS AND DISEASES OF SOME OLD APPLE VARIETIES

Old apple varieties (ˈBotaneˈ, ˈCălugăreştiˈ, ˈDomneştiˈ, ˈCreţesc auriuˈ, ˈGustav durabilˈ, ˈPătulˈ, ˈRoşii de Geoagiuˈ, ˈŞovari, ˈVerzişoareˈ, ˈTare de ghindăˈ, ˈVerzi de Rădăşeniˈ, ˈPoinicˈ) were studied in order to assess pests and disease resistance during two growing season. During the experiment, the following disease and pest evaluations were made periodically: apple powdery mildew, apple scab, green apple aphid, apple codling moth, in a plot with low pesticide regime. High scab and powdery mildew resistance was observed at ˈGustav durabilˈ and ˈBotaneˈ cvs. Hight susceptibility for apple codling moth was observed on ˈGustav durabilˈ cv. and for green apple aphid at ˈVerzişoareˈ and ˈTare de ghindăˈ cvs. In conclusion, some old apple cultivars could be a significant source of genes for apple breeding rogram

Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of new Ni(II), Pd(II) and Cr(III) complex compounds with chlorhexidine

Six new coordination compounds of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Cr(III) with chlorhexidine, 1,1′-hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide], were prepared, characterized and examined for their potential as antimicrobial agents, as well as for their antioxidant activity. The metal complexes correspond to the formulas: [Ni(CHX)]Cl2·2H2O, [Ni(CHX)]Br2·2H2O, [Ni(CHX)](CH3COO)2·C2H5OH, [Pd(CHX)][PdCl4]·2H2O, [Pd(CHX)](CH3COO)2 and [Cr(CHX)Cl2](CH3COO), where CHX = chlorhexidine. Investigations on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the complexes indicated that all have high activity against the tested bacteria, but are less active against fungi. Among the six complexes, those of Pd(II) showed the highest antibacterial activity, [Pd(CHX)][PdCl4]·2H2O being more active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than chlorhexidine diacetate. The antioxidant activity of the metal complexes was investigated by photochemiluminescence and the results showed that the palladium( II) complexes have high antioxidant activities

Cu(II) AND Zn(II) COMPLEX COMPOUNDS WITH BIGUANIDES AROMATIC DERIVATIVES. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

In this paper we report the synthesis, physical-chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of some new complex compounds of hetero-aromatic biguanides ligands, chlorhexidine base (CHX) and chlorhexidine diacetate (CHXac2) with metallic ions Cu(II) and Zn(II), in different molar ratio. The synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental chemical analysis and differential thermal analysis. The stereochemistry of the metallic ions was determined by infrared spectra, UV-Vis, EPR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility in the aim to establish the complexes structures. The biological activity of the new complex compounds was identified in solid technique by measuring minimum inhibition diameter of bacterial and fungal culture, against three standard pathogen strains, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphilococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The results show an increased specific antimicrobial activity for the complexes chlorhexidine:Cu(II) 1:1 and 1:2 compared with the one of the Zn(II) complexes

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Phytosynthesized Using Raphanus sativus L. Waste Extracts

The aim of the current paper is the development of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Raphanus sativus L. extracts obtained through two extraction methods (temperature and microwave) and to test their potential application for controlling apple crops pathogens. The phytosynthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. All the materials were evaluated in terms of antioxidant and in vitro antimicrobial activity (against bacteria, molds, and yeast: Escherichia coli ATCC 8738, Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Venturia inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha, Fusarium oxysporum ATCC 48112, Penicillium hirsutum ATCC 52323, and Aspergillus niger ATCC 15475). Considering the results obtained in the in vitro assays, formulations based on nanoparticles phytosynthesized using Raphanus sativus L. waste extracts (RS1N) were evaluated as potential antifungal agents for horticultural crops protection, against Venturia inaequalis and Podosphaera leucotricha through in vivo assays. For the DPPH assay, the inhibition (%) varied between 37.06% (for RS1N at 0.8 mg/mL concentration) and 83.72% (for RS1N at 7.2 mg/mL concentration) compared to 19.97% (for RS2N at 0.8 mg/mL) and only 28.91% (for RS2N at 7.2 mg/mL). Similar results were obtained for RS3N (85.42% inhibition at 7.2 mg/mL) compared with RS4N (21.76% inhibition at 7.2 mg/mL). Regarding the ABTS assay, the highest scavenger activity values were recorded for samples RS1N (91.43% at 1.6 mg/mL) and RS3N (96.62% at 1.6 mg/mL)