Risk determinants associated with the non-performance of periodic preventive exams for cervical cancer in the Northern Region, municipality of Porto de Moz, Pará - Brazil: a descriptive study

Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study using a pre-coded questionnaire containing socioeconomic information of patients assisted at a Basic Health Unit in the municipality of Porto de Moz, located in the interior of the state of Pará, Brazil. The data was collected from October 10 to 28, 2022, with the participation of 263 women aged 18 to 64 years who sought care at the research site. The objective of this study was to identify factors related to non-adherence to the Papanicolaou test. Approximately 19.5% of the women did not undergo the exam due to being single, having at least one child, and being between the ages of 18 and 23. Among those who had incomplete elementary education, 29.4% did not take the test, and the majority earned less than one minimum wage. Furthermore, it was found that women in stable relationships did not feel the need to use condoms, which has negative implications for the public health network.Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study using a pre-coded questionnaire containing socioeconomic information of patients assisted at a Basic Health Unit in the municipality of Porto de Moz, located in the interior of the state of Pará, Brazil. The data was collected from October 10 to 28, 2022, with the participation of 263 women aged 18 to 64 years who sought care at the research site. The objective of this study was to identify factors related to non-adherence to the Papanicolaou test. Approximately 19.5% of the women did not undergo the exam due to being single, having at least one child, and being between the ages of 18 and 23. Among those who had incomplete elementary education, 29.4% did not take the test, and the majority earned less than one minimum wage. Furthermore, it was found that women in stable relationships did not feel the need to use condoms, which has negative implications for the public health network

Evaluación del óxido nítrico exhalado en pacientes sometidos a la revascularización del miocardio con circulación extracorpórea

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A circulação extracorpórea (CEC) pode causar disfunção pulmonar. As alterações inflamatórias podem afetar a liberação de óxido nítrico (NO). Objetivou-se avaliar o NO exalado em pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio (RM) com CEC. MÉTODO:Foram estudados prospectivamente nove pacientes adultos submetidos à RM com CEC. Inicialmente, foi coletada amostra de ar para análise de NO no sistema que alimenta o aparelho de anestesia. A seguir, anestesia iniciada por via venosa com etomidato (0,3 mg.kg-1), sufentanil (0,3 µg.kg-1), pancurônio (0,08 mg.kg-1) e mantida com isoflurano (0,5 a 1,0 CAM) e sufentanil (0,5 µg.kg-1.h-1). O volume corrente fixado a 8 mL.kg-1, com FIO2 de 0,6, exceto durante a CEC. Trinta minutos depois da indução, e trinta após a CEC, três amostras sequenciais de ar exalado foram colhidas para análise de NO, por quimioluminescência. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste t de Student. RESULTADOS: O valor do NO do ar ambiente foi de 5,05 ± 3,37 ppb. O NO exalado decresceu após a CEC, variando de 11,25 ± 5,65 ppb para 8,37 ± 3,17 ppb (p = 0,031). CONCLUSÕES: A redução do NO exalado pós-CEC observada nesse estudo não permite confirmar o papel dessa molécula como marcador de lesão pulmonar. Entretanto, os variados graus de colapso do parênquima pulmonar, o método de obtenção dos dados, os fármacos utilizados, dentre outros, podem ter contribuído para a redução.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can cause pulmonary dysfunction. Inflammatory changes may affect the release of nitric oxide (NO). The objective of this study was to evaluate exhaled NO in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization (MR) with CPB. METHODS: This is a prospective study with nine adult patients undergoing MR with CPB. Initially, air samples were collected to analyze the presence of NO in the system that feeds the anesthesia equipment. Intravenous anesthesia was then initiated with ethomidate (0.3 mg.kg-1), sufentanil (0.3 µg.kg-1), and pancuronium (0.08 mg.kg-1), and maintained with isoflurane (MAC from 0.5 to 1.0) and sufentanil (5 µg.kg-1.h-1). Tidal volume was fixed at 8 mL.kg-1 and FiO2 0.6, except during CPB. Thirty minutes after induction and 30 minutes after CPB, three sequential samples of exhaled air were collected for NO analysis by chemiluminescence. Data were analyzed by the Student t test. RESULTS: The level of NO in room air was 5.05 ± 3.37 ppb. Levels of exhaled NO decreased after CPB, varying from 11.25 ± 5.65 ppb to 8.37 ± 3.71 ppb (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of exhaled NO after CPB observed in this study does not confirm the role of this molecule as a marker of pulmonary lesion. However, the different degrees of pulmonary parenchymal collapse, the method used to collect the data, and the drugs, among others, could have contributed for this reduction.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La circulación extracorpórea (CEC), puede causar una disfunción pulmonar. Las alteraciones inflamatorias pueden afectar la liberación de óxido nítrico (NO). Se buscó evaluar el NO exhalado en pacientes sometidos a la revascularización del miocardio (RM) con CEC. MÉTODO: Se estudiaron prospectivamente nueve pacientes adultos sometidos a la RM con CEC. Inicialmente fue recolectada una muestra de aire para el análisis de NO en el sistema que alimenta el aparato de anestesia. A continuación, se inició la anestesia por vía venosa con etomidato (0,3 mg.kg-1), sufentanil (0,3 µg.kg-1), pancuronio (0,08 mg.kg-1) y se mantiene con isoflurano (0,5 a 1,0 CAM) y sufentanil (0,5 µg.kg-1.h-1). El volumen corriente fijado fue 8 mL.kg-1, con FiO2 de 0,6 excepto durante la CEC. Treinta minutos después de la inducción y treinta minutos después de la CEC, tres muestras secuenciales de aire exhalado fueron recogidas para análisis de NO, por quimioluminescencia. Los datos fueron analizados por medio del test t Student. RESULTADOS: El valor del NO del aire ambiente fue de 5,05 ± 3,37 ppmm. El NO exhalado se redujo después de la CEC, variando de 11,25 ± 5,65 ppmm para 8,37 ± 3,17 ppmm (p = 0,031). CONCLUSIONES: La reducción del NO exhalado pos-CEC, observada en este estudio, no permite confirmar el papel de esta molécula como marcador de lesión pulmonar. Sin embargo, los variados grados de colapso del parénquima pulmonar, el método de obtención de los datos, y los fármacos utilizados, entre otros, pueden haber contribuido para esa reducción