92 research outputs found
Is a partner's competence threatening during dyadic cooperative work? It depends on resource interdependence
Previous studies with university students have shown that resource interdependence during cooperative dyadic work on texts produces two different dynamics in student interaction and learning. Working on complementary information produces positive interactions, but a good quality of information transmission is needed to foster student learning. Working on identical information produces a confrontation of viewpoints but also encourages a threatening social comparison of competence, which can be detrimental for learning. The aim of present study is to test the moderating role of a partner's competence in two peer-learning methods by manipulating a partner's competence through a confederate. Results indicate that a partner's competence is beneficial when students work on complementary information while it is detrimental when students work on identical informatio
Evaluating an inclusive program for promoting equal-status participation in classrooms with high sociolinguistic diversity: diversity valuation and multilingual cooperative activities
Structured Cooperative Learning as a Means for Improving Average Achievers' Mathematical Learning in Fractions
International audienceIn primary school, learning fractions is a central mathematical objective. However, the mastery of basic procedures involving fractions presents a difficulty for many students. The aim of the current intervention is to introduce structured cooperative learning as means to improve students' learning, particularly for average achievers. Previous research has underscored that heterogeneous groups might be deleterious for average achievers because they are excluded by the teacher learner relationships that is likely to take place between low and high achievers students. This intervention proposes structuring interactions in order to boost the learning of average achievers in heterogeneous groups. We hypothesize that highly structured cooperative learning should improve average achievers' understanding of the content-targeted in group work as well as progress in terms of fractions learning, when compared to low-structured cooperative learning. In this intervention, 108 fifth graders worked cooperatively in heterogeneous triads (a low, average, and high achiever). The triads had to express the length of one segment using three rulers with different sub-units and respecting three mathematical skills regarding fractions. Triads were randomly assigned to a low-structured or high-structured cooperative learning condition. In the low-structured condition, no specific structure was provided. (i.e., they organized their cooperative work as they wished). In the high-structured condition, each student became an expert for one part before working in the triad and endorsed different responsibilities. The results indicated that highly structured cooperative learning favors the understanding of the targeted task, especially for average-ability students. Moreover, students at all levels progressed from the baseline test to the post-test. Indeed, low and high achievers had the same progression in both conditions, whereas average achievers progressed more in the highly structured condition. Results are discussed in terms of new teaching methods that could efficiently increase average achieversâ performances
Buts de performance et de maßtrise et interactions sociales entre étudiants : la situation particuliÚre du désaccord avec autrui
DâaprĂšs de nombreuses recherches (voir Dweck, 1986 ; Nicholls, 1984), les Ă©tudiants peuvent poursuivre deux types de buts lorsquâils rĂ©alisent une tĂąche dâapprentissage : le but de maĂźtrise (dĂ©sir dâapprendre, de dĂ©velopper des connaissances) et le but de performance (dĂ©sir de mettre en avant ses compĂ©tences, ses capacitĂ©s). Cet article prĂ©sente une synthĂšse de travaux portant sur les effets des buts dans la situation particuliĂšre oĂč lâĂ©tudiant est amenĂ© Ă Ă©changer avec un autre Ă©tudiant dont la rĂ©ponse diverge (situation dite de « conflit sociocognitif », Doise & Mugny, 1997). Dâune maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale, les rĂ©sultats des Ă©tudes prĂ©sentĂ©es indiquent que le but de maĂźtrise favorise la rĂ©gulation Ă©pistĂ©mique (rĂ©gulation du conflit centrĂ©e sur la tĂąche, la comprĂ©hension du problĂšme). De plus, il rend le conflit bĂ©nĂ©fique Ă lâapprentissage. Le but de performance favorise en revanche la rĂ©gulation relationnelle (rĂ©gulation centrĂ©e sur lâaffirmation de ses compĂ©tences) et rend le conflit nĂ©faste Ă lâapprentissage.For many researchers (see Dweck, 1986; Nicholls, 1984), students can pursue two types of goals when carrying out a learning task: the mastery goal (desire to learn, to develop knowledge), and the performance goal (desire to show oneâs own competence). The present paper presents an overview of the research about the achievement goals effects in the specific situation where a student is led to interact with another student whose answer is different from his/her own (the so-called âsocio-cognitive conflictâ, Doise & Mugny, 1984). As a whole, results show that the mastery goal favors epistemic regulation (a conflict regulation focused on the task, the understanding of the problem). Moreover, it renders conflict beneficial for learning. On the contrary, the performance goal favors relational regulation (a conflict regulation focused on assertion of self-competence) and renders conflict detrimental for learning.SegĂșn numerosas investigaciones (vĂ©anse Dweck, 1986; Nicholls, 1984), los estudiantes pueden perseguir dos tipos de objetivos cuando realizan una tarea de aprendizaje: el objetivo de dominio (deseo de aprender, de desarrollar conocimientos) y el objetivo de performancia (deseo de poner en evidencia sus competencias, sus capacidades). Los estudios presentados en este capĂtulo examinan los efectos de los objetivos en la situaciĂłn particular en la que el estudiante se ve obligado a intercambiar con otro estudiante cuya respuesta difiere (situaciĂłn llamada de âconflicto sociocognoscitivoâ, Doise & Mugny, 1997). De manera general, los resultados de estos estudios indican que el objetivo de dominio favorece la regulaciĂłn epistĂ©mica (regulaciĂłn del conflicto centrada en la tarea, la comprensiĂłn del problema). AdemĂĄs, hace que el conflicto sea benĂ©fico para el aprendizaje. El objetivo de performancia favorece en cambio la regulaciĂłn relacional (regulaciĂłn centrada en la afirmaciĂłn de sus competencias) y hace que el conflicto sea nefasto al aprendizaje.Vielen Forschungsarbeiten zufolge (s. Dweck, 1986; Nicholls, 1984) können Studenten zweifache Ziele beim Lernen verfolgen: die Beherrschung (Hauptanliegen: lernen, seine Kenntnisse erweitern) und die Leistung (Hauptanliegen: seine Kompetenzen, seine FĂ€higkeiten hervorheben). Die in diesem Kapitel vorgelegten Forschungsarbeiten behandeln die Wirkungen der Zielsetzung in der besonderen Situation, wo der Student mit einem anderen Studenten ins GesprĂ€ch kommt, dessen Meinung nicht der eigenen entspricht (Situation des sogenannten âsoziokognitiven Konfliktsâ, Doise & Mugny, 1997). Allgemein gesehen zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Forschungsarbeiten, dass das Beherrschungsziel die epistemische Regelung fördert (Bei der Regelung des Konflikts steht die Aufgabe, das VerstĂ€ndnis des Problems im Mittelpunkt). Dazu kommt in diesem Fall der Konflikt dem Lernen zugute. Das Leistungsziel fördert dagegen die Beziehungsregelung (Bei der Regelung des Konflikts steht die Behauptung der eigenen Kompetenzen im Mittelpunkt) und macht den Konflikt fĂŒr das Lernen schĂ€dlich
Preparing pupils to cooperate during cooperative controversy in grade 6: a way to increase positive interactions and learning?
Research has underlined the necessity to prepare pupils to cooperate in order to boost cooperative learning benefits. However, this kind of training may appear very demanding. The present study aims to demonstrate that a short preparation related to social support and targeted cooperative rules relevant for the task increases constructive interactions. Thirty-two pupils from grade 6 (11.8years) were involved in dyadic cooperative controversy (Johnson and Johnson 2007) on argumentative texts for one session. All pupils were presented with three targeted rules for controversy. Half of the pupils had a short intervention related to the demonstration of social support, and the three targeted cooperative rules for controversy were explained and discussed (listening carefully while affirming understanding, criticizing ideas, but not people, and focusing on common goal). The pupils' interactions during cooperative controversy were videotaped and coded and the individual learning regarding the content of the studied texts was assessed. Results indicated that those pupils who had been prepared to cooperate displayed more support, asked more questions, and paid more attention to their partner. The overall quality of cooperation inside the dyad was also evaluated as more positive, though no difference in learning outcomes was observed. In summary, a short preparation for cooperation elicited more constructive interactions
Partage de lâinformation et apprentissage entre Ă©tudiants
Lâobjectif des Ă©tudes rĂ©alisĂ©es est dâĂ©tudier dans quelles conditions et par quels processus diffĂ©rents dispositifs dâapprentissage entre Ă©tudiants sont les plus efficaces en articulant la littĂ©rature sur lâapprentissage coopĂ©ratif (Johnson et Johnson, 2002) et sur lâinfluence sociale(Quiamzade et Mugny, 2001). Ces deux approches ont Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©es en Ă©tudiant les effets de lâinterdĂ©pendance des ressources sur les interactions entre les Ă©tudiants, et les relations entre ces interactions et lâapprentissage. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, des Ă©tudiants universitaires ont travaillĂ© en binĂŽme coopĂ©ratif sur deux textes. Dans la condition dâindĂ©pendance des ressources, les Ă©tudiants ont travaillĂ© sur des informations identiques. Les deux partenaires lisaient silencieusement le premier texte, puis lâun des Ă©tudiants jouait le rĂŽle de responsable et rĂ©sumait les informations Ă son partenaire. Les rĂŽles Ă©taient inversĂ©s pour le second texte. Dans la condition dâinterdĂ©pendance positive des ressources, les Ă©tudiants ont travaillĂ© sur des informations complĂ©mentaires dans la mesure oĂč chaque Ă©tudiant ne lisait quâun seul texte et prenait connaissance de lâautre texte par lâintermĂ©diaire de son partenaire. LâhypothĂšse proposĂ©e est que lâinterdĂ©pendance des ressources contribue Ă modeler deux dynamiques diffĂ©rentes. Le travail sur des informations identiques favoriserait des confrontations potentiellement bĂ©nĂ©fiques pour lâapprentissage. Cependant, ce travail renforcerait Ă©galement une comparaison sociale menaçante des compĂ©tences qui bloquerait les bĂ©nĂ©fices des confrontations et pourrait sâavĂ©rer nĂ©faste pour lâapprentissage. En revanche, travailler sur des informations complĂ©mentaires renforcerait le contexte coopĂ©ratif et lâinvestissement des partenaires. Cet investissement pourrait ĂȘtre positif pour lâapprentissage. Cependant lâinterdĂ©pendance rĂ©ciproque rendrait les Ă©tudiants dĂ©pendants de la qualitĂ© de lâapport informationnel de leur partenaire. La premiĂšre Ă©tude (Buchs, Butera & Mugny, 2004, Ă©tude 1) a mis en Ă©vidence que le travail sur des informations complĂ©mentaires renforce la coopĂ©ration et lâinvestissement des Ă©tudiants alors que le travail sur des informations identiques stimule un climat plus compĂ©titif. La deuxiĂšme Ă©tude indique que travailler sur des informations identiques renforce la comparaison sociale des compĂ©tences. Cette comparai son sâavĂšre ĂȘtre une variable mĂ©diatrice de lâeffet nĂ©gatif du travail sur des informations identiques (Buchs, Butera & Mugny, 2004, Ă©tude 2). Cette Ă©tude souligne un lien nĂ©gatif entre la compĂ©tence perçue du partenaire et la performance des Ă©tudiants lors dâun travail sur des informations identiques alors que ce lien a Ă©tĂ© positif lors dâun travail sur des informations complĂ©mentaires. Ce dernier rĂ©sultat a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©pliquĂ© dans une troisiĂšme Ă©tude dans laquelle la compĂ©tence du partenaire a Ă©tĂ© manipulĂ©e grĂące Ă la qualitĂ© dâexposĂ© dâun compĂšre
La distribution des informations dans les dispositifs d'apprentissage entre pairs au niveau universitaire
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