Coherent signature of warming-induced extreme sub-continental boreal wildfire activity 4800 and 1100 years BP

Climate changes are expected to progressively increase extreme wildfire frequency in forests. Finding past analogs for periods of extreme biomass burning would provide valuable insights regarding what the effects of warming might be for tree species distribution, ecosystem integrity, atmospheric greenhouse gas balance, and human safety. Here, we used a network of 42 lake-sediment charcoal records across a ~2000 km transect in eastern boreal North America to infer widespread periods of wildfire activity in association with past climate conditions. The reconstructed fluctuations in biomass burning are broadly consistent with variations in ethane concentration in Greenland polar ice cores. Biomass burning fluctuations also significantly co-varied with Greenland temperatures estimated from ice cores, at least for the past 6000 years. Our retrospective analysis of past fire activity allowed us to identify two fire periods centered around 4800 and 1100 BP, coinciding with large-scale warming in northern latitudes and having respectively affected an estimated ~71% and ~57% of the study area. These two periods co-occurred with widespread decreases in mean fire-return intervals. The two periods are likely the best analogs for what could be anticipated in terms of impacts of fire on ecosystem services provided by these forests in coming decades

Domestication of different varieties in the cheese-making fungus Geotrichum candidum

Domestication is an excellent model for studying adaptation processes, involving recent adaptation and diversification, convergence following adaptation to similar conditions, as well as degeneration of unused functions. Geotrichum candidum is a fungus used for cheese making and is also found in other environments such as soil and plants. By analyzing whole-genome data from 98 strains, we found that all strains isolated from cheese formed a monophyletic clade. Within the cheese clade, we identified three genetically differentiated populations and we detected footprints of recombination and admixture. The genetic diversity in the cheese clade was similar as that in the wild clade, suggesting the lack of strong bottlenecks. Commercial starter strains were scattered across the cheese clade, thus not constituting a single clonal lineage. The cheese populations were phenotypically differentiated from other populations, with a slower growth on all media, even cheese, a prominent production of typical cheese volatiles and a lower proteolytic activity. One of the cheese clusters encompassed all soft goat cheese strains, suggesting an effect of cheese-making practices on differentiation. Another of the cheese populations seemed to represent a more advanced stage of domestication, with stronger phenotypic differentiation from the wild clade, harboring much lower genetic diversity, and phenotypes more typical of cheese fungi, with denser and fluffier colonies and a greater ability of excluding cheese spoiler fungi. Cheese populations lacked two beta lactamase-like genes present in the wild clade, involved in xenobiotic clearance, and displayed higher contents of transposable elements, likely due to relaxed selection. Our findings suggest the existence of genuine domestication in G. candidum, which led to diversification into different varieties with contrasted phenotypes. Some of the traits acquired by cheese strains indicate convergence with other, distantly related fungi used for cheese maturation

Évaluation des besoins de formation du médecin généraliste pour prendre en charge les nouveaux-nés en sortie précoce de maternité, au sens de la HAS

Le développement inéluctable de dispositifs de sorties précoces de maternité après accouchement pose le problème de la prise en charge des nourrissons en aval dans le système de soins ambulatoires. Les médecins généralistes, intervenants essentiels mais insuffisamment impliqués dans cet accompagnement interviennent dans des situations auxquelles ils ne sont pas préparés. Ce travail évalue les besoins de formation réels et ressentis des médecins généralistes pour prendre en charge ces nouveaux-nés. Les résultats du questionnaire envoyé à un échantillon de médecins généralistes montrent le manque de connaissances des généralistes sur les sujets des pathologies et risques spécifiques du nouveau-né, ainsi que les dépistages cliniques ou paracliniques. Ils s'estiment globalement insuffisamment formés. Cela se traduit par une pratique limitée en périnatalité. Ils sont gênés par le manque de transparence du rôle que les dispositifs de sortie précoce leur attribue et ignorent la limite de leur champ d'action en terme de responsabilité civile professionnelle. Les médecins généralistes n'ont pas tous la même volonté d'investissement en périnatalité, mais ils sont conscients de leurs lacunes. Développer des programmes de formation continue pour les médecins généralistes, spécifiques de l'accompagnement médical des nouveaux-nés de moins de 8 jours et favoriser le lien ville-hôpital pourra optimiser les ressources de terrain et limiter les complications d'aval pour l'enfant.LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

BioloMICS : Un outil pour gérer les données associées aux collections des Centres de Ressources Biologiques

International audienceThe commercial software BioloMICS allows creating a relational database and deploying an associated website. It was chosen by several BRCs of the RARe to manage their collections. Here, we provide an extensive review of the software’s functionalities, the advantages of the solution and its limits.Le logiciel commercial Biolomics permet de créer une base de données relationnelle et de déployer un site web associé. Il a été choisi par plusieurs CRB de RARe pour la gestion de leurs collections. Nous faisons ici une revue extensive des fonctionnalités du logiciel, des avantages de la solution et de ses limites

BioloMICS : Un outil pour gérer les données associées aux collections des Centres de Ressources Biologiques

International audienceThe commercial software BioloMICS allows creating a relational database and deploying an associated website. It was chosen by several BRCs of the RARe to manage their collections. Here, we provide an extensive review of the software’s functionalities, the advantages of the solution and its limits.Le logiciel commercial Biolomics permet de créer une base de données relationnelle et de déployer un site web associé. Il a été choisi par plusieurs CRB de RARe pour la gestion de leurs collections. Nous faisons ici une revue extensive des fonctionnalités du logiciel, des avantages de la solution et de ses limites

A review of fault tolerant control strategies applied to proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems

International audienceFuel cells are powerful systems for power generation. They have a good efficiency and do not generate greenhouse gases. This technology involves a lot of scientific fields, which leads to the appearance of strongly inter dependent parameters. This makes the system particularly hard to control and increases fault's occurrence frequency. These two issues call for the necessity to maintain the system performance at the expected level, even in faulty operating conditions. It is called " fault tolerant control " (FTC). The present paper aims to give the state of the art of FTC applied to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The FTC approach is composed of two parts. First, a diagnosis part allows the identification and the isolation of a fault; it requires a good a priori knowledge of all the possible faults. Then, a control part allows an optimal control strategy to find the best operating point to recover/ mitigate the fault; it re quires the knowledge of the degradation phenomena and their mitigation strategies