660 research outputs found
Physical properties of transparent perovskite oxides (Ba,La)SnO3 with high electrical mobility at room temperature
Transparent electronic materials are increasingly in demand for a variety of
optoelectronic applications. BaSnO3 is a semiconducting oxide with a large band
gap of more than 3.1 eV. Recently, we discovered that La doped BaSnO3 exhibits
unusually high electrical mobility of 320 cm^2(Vs)^-1 at room temperature and
superior thermal stability at high temperatures [H. J. Kim et al. Appl. Phys.
Express. 5, 061102 (2012)]. Following that work, we report various physical
properties of (Ba,La)SnO3 single crystals and films including
temperature-dependent transport and phonon properties, optical properties and
first-principles calculations. We find that almost doping-independent mobility
of 200-300 cm^2(Vs)^-1 is realized in the single crystals in a broad doping
range from 1.0x10^19 to 4.0x10^20 cm^-3. Moreover, the conductivity of ~10^4
ohm^-1cm^-1 reached at the latter carrier density is comparable to the highest
value. We attribute the high mobility to several physical properties of
(Ba,La)SnO3: a small effective mass coming from the ideal Sn-O-Sn bonding,
small disorder effects due to the doping away from the SnO2 conduction channel,
and reduced carrier scattering due to the high dielectric constant. The
observation of a reduced mobility of ~70 cm^2(Vs)^-1 in the film is mainly
attributed to additional carrier-scatterings which are presumably created by
the lattice mismatch between the substrate SrTiO3 and (Ba,La)SnO3. The main
optical gap of (Ba,La)SnO3 single crystals remained at about 3.33 eV and the
in-gap states only slightly increased, thus maintaining optical transparency in
the visible region. Based on these, we suggest that the doped BaSnO3 system
holds great potential for realizing all perovskite-based, transparent
high-frequency high-power functional devices as well as highly mobile
two-dimensional electron gas via interface control of heterostructured films.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figure
Nutrient production from dairy cattle manure and loading on arable land
Objective Along with increasing livestock products via intensive rearing, the accumulation of livestock manure has become a serious issue due to the fact that there is finite land for livestock manure recycling via composting. The nutrients from livestock manure accumulate on agricultural land and the excess disembogues into streams causing eutrophication. In order to systematically manage nutrient loading on agricultural land, quantifying the amount of nutrients according to their respective sources is very important. However, there is a lack of research concerning nutrient loss from livestock manure during composting or storage on farms. Therefore, in the present study we quantified the nutrients from dairy cattle manure that were imparted onto agricultural land. Methods Through investigation of 41 dairy farms, weight reduction and volatile solids (VS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) changes of dairy cattle manure during the storage and composting periods were analyzed. In order to support the direct investigation and survey on site, the three cases of weight reduction during the storing and composting periods were developed according to i) experiment, ii) reference, and iii) theoretical changes in phosphorus content (ΔP = 0). Results The data revealed the nutrient loading coefficients (NLCs) of VS, TN, and TP on agricultural land were 1.48, 0.60, and 0.66, respectively. These values indicated that the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus was 40% and 34%, respectively, and that there was an increase of VS since bedding materials were mixed with excretion in the barn. Conclusion As result of nutrient-footprint analyses, the amounts of TN and TP particularly entered on arable land have been overestimated if applying the nutrient amount in fresh manure. The NLCs obtained in this study may assist in the development of a database to assess the accurate level of manure nutrient loading on soil and facilitate systematic nutrient management
Depression and suicide risk prediction models using blood-derived multi-omics data
More than 300 million people worldwide experience depression; annually, ~800,000 people die by suicide. Unfortunately, conventional interview-based diagnosis is insufficient to accurately predict a psychiatric status. We developed machine learning models to predict depression and suicide risk using blood methylome and transcriptome data from 56 suicide attempters (SAs), 39 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 87 healthy controls. Our random forest classifiers showed accuracies of 92.6% in distinguishing SAs from MDD patients, 87.3% in distinguishing MDD patients from controls, and 86.7% in distinguishing SAs from controls. We also developed regression models for predicting psychiatric scales with R2 values of 0.961 and 0.943 for Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression???17 and Scale for Suicide Ideation, respectively. Multi-omics data were used to construct psychiatric status prediction models for improved mental health treatment
Voiding Dysfunction after Total Mesorectal Excision in Rectal Cancer
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the voiding dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery with total mesorectal excision (TME). Methods This was part of a prospective study done in the rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery with TME between November 2006 and June 2008. Consecutive uroflowmetry, post-voided residual volume, and a voiding questionnaire were performed at preoperatively and postoperatively. Results A total of 50 patients were recruited in this study, including 28 male and 22 female. In the comparison of the preoperative data with the postoperative 3-month data, a significant decrease in mean maximal flow rate, voided volume, and post-voided residual volume were found. In the comparison with the postoperative 6-month data, however only the maximal flow rate was decreased with statistical significance (P=0.02). In the comparison between surgical methods, abdominoperineal resection patients showed delayed recovery of maximal flow rate, voided volume, and post-voided residual volume. There was no significant difference in uroflowmetry parameters with advances in rectal cancer stage. Conclusions Voiding dysfunction is common after rectal cancer surgery but can be recovered in 6 months after surgery or earlier. Abdominoperineal resection was shown to be an unfavorable factor for postoperative voiding. Larger prospective study is needed to determine the long-term effect of rectal cancer surgery in relation to male and female baseline voiding condition
Hysteroscopic Resection of the Vaginal Septum in Uterus Didelphys with Obstructed Hemivagina: A Case Report
Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. Excision of the obstructed vaginal septum is the treatment of choice for symptom relief and the preservation of reproductive capability. A 14-yr-old girl complained of persistent vaginal spotting following each menstruation. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a uterus didelphys with left hematocolpos and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Instead of conventional transvaginal excision of the vaginal septum, we used hysteroscopic excision under transabdominal ultrasonographic guidance to preserve the integrity of the hymen. The postoperative course was uneventful, and clinical symptoms were completely resolved after this intervention. Resectoscopic excision of the vaginal septum was found to be easy, safe, effective, and appropriate for young women as it preserved hymen integrity. We believe that this is the first Korean report on the use of a hysteroscopy for vaginal septum resection in a patient with uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina
High Mobility in a Stable Transparent Perovskite Oxide
We discovered that La-doped BaSnO3 with the perovskite structure has an
unprecedentedly high mobility at room temperature while retaining its optical
transparency. In single crystals, the mobility reached 320 cm^2(Vs)^-1 at a
doping level of 8x10^19 cm^-3, constituting the highest value among
wide-band-gap semiconductors. In epitaxial films, the maximum mobility was 70
cm^2(Vs)^-1 at a doping level of 4.4x10^20 cm^-3. We also show that resistance
of (Ba,La)SnO3 changes little even after a thermal cycle to 530 Deg. C in air,
pointing to an unusual stability of oxygen atoms and great potential for
realizing transparent high-frequency, high-power functional devices.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
Correction to: Effects of robot-assisted gait training in patients with Parkinsons disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article
Barrier protection via Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in porcine intestinal epithelial cells damaged by deoxynivalnol
Additional file 2. IPEC-J2 cells pretreated with TLR2 ligand maintained the expression of MCP-1, GM-CSF and TLR2 against DON exposure. IPEC-J2 cells pretreated with or without TLR2 ligand for 24 h were exposed to DON. (A) The bar graph showed the mRNA levels of porcine mcp-1, gm-csf measured using real time-PCR at 1 and 6 h after DON exposure (n = 3). (B) The mRNA levels of porcine tlr2 were measured using real-time quantitative PCR analysis at 6 h. NT represents no treatment. Expression of each mRNA was presented relative to the expression of housekeeping gene, gapdh (n = 3). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s posttest
Non-association Between Polymorphisms of the Frizzled Receptor Genes and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Korean Women
We investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the frizzled (FZD) genes in the Wnt signal pathway and circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (sRANKL) levels, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. The SNPs in the FZD1, FZD5, FZD6, FZD7, and FZD9 genes were analyzed by direct sequencing in 371 postmenopausal Korean women. Levels of serum OPG, sRANKL, osteocalcin, C-telopeptide of type I collagen, calcium, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, and BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured. The SNPs in the FZD1, FZD5, FZD7, and FZD9 genes, and in exon 2 of the FZD6 gene were not observed. No significant differences in the adjusted BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck and serum levels of OPG, sRANKL, and bone markers were noted among the single or haplotype genotypes of the L345M and E664A SNPs in the FZD6 gene and the distributions of these single or haplotype genotypes were not different according to the bone mass status. In conclusion, the polymorphisms of the FZD genes are not associated with BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, bone turnover markers, or circulating OPG-sRANKL in Korean women
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