Searching for primes in the digits of [pi]

Many people are fascinated by π. Vast amounts of human and computer resources have been spent producing billions of its digits. Similarly, many people are intrigued by primes. How many primes are there within the digits of π? How many can we expect to find? We present the results of some computer searches and develop a theory to predict how many of these primes extensive computer searches are likely to find

ISTRAŽIVANJE MOGUĆNOSTI RASTA KOMARČI DRŽANIH U KOMERCIJALNOM RECIRKULACIJSKOM SISTEMU I TRETIRANIH NUSPROIZVODOM INDUSTRIJSKE PROIZVODNJE GOVEĐEG HORMONA RASTA

Gilthead sea bream, maintained in a commercial scale recirculation system, were subjected to three injections (0,5 and 10 µg -1 body weight) with a by-product from the industrial production of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH). Injections were provided at experiment start and at 3 and 6 weeks. Growth performance of animals was evaluated over a period of 8 weeks (n = 171 per treatment). At trial end fish were examined for proximate composition, fillet yield and visceral indices. No differences were recorded in individual growth performance between the three treatment groups (P > 0.05). Examination of protein productive value and protein efficiency ratio indicated approximately 20% of dietary protein was incorporated into animals irrespective of treatment. However incorporation of dietary lipid decreased with increasing dose of rbGH. High dose GH decreased liver weight (P 0,05). Istraživanje vrijednosti produktivnog proteina i količine efikasnosti proteina pokazalo je da je približno 20% proteina bilo inkorporirano u životinje neovisno o tretmanu. No inkorporacija lipida bila je smanjena povećanjem doze hormona rasta (rbGH). Visoka doza hormona rasta smanjila je težinu jetre (P < 0,05) u usporedbi s kontrolom s istodobnim smanjenjem hepatosomatskog indeksa (P < 0,05). Težina i postotak fileta bili su viši u životinja tretiranih dozom od 10 µg g -1 tjelesne težine u usporedbi s niskom dozom rbGH tretiranih riba (P < 0,05)

ISTRAŽIVANJE MOGUĆNOSTI RASTA KOMARČI DRŽANIH U KOMERCIJALNOM RECIRKULACIJSKOM SISTEMU I TRETIRANIH NUSPROIZVODOM INDUSTRIJSKE PROIZVODNJE GOVEĐEG HORMONA RASTA

Gilthead sea bream, maintained in a commercial scale recirculation system, were subjected to three injections (0,5 and 10 µg -1 body weight) with a by-product from the industrial production of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH). Injections were provided at experiment start and at 3 and 6 weeks. Growth performance of animals was evaluated over a period of 8 weeks (n = 171 per treatment). At trial end fish were examined for proximate composition, fillet yield and visceral indices. No differences were recorded in individual growth performance between the three treatment groups (P > 0.05). Examination of protein productive value and protein efficiency ratio indicated approximately 20% of dietary protein was incorporated into animals irrespective of treatment. However incorporation of dietary lipid decreased with increasing dose of rbGH. High dose GH decreased liver weight (P 0,05). Istraživanje vrijednosti produktivnog proteina i količine efikasnosti proteina pokazalo je da je približno 20% proteina bilo inkorporirano u životinje neovisno o tretmanu. No inkorporacija lipida bila je smanjena povećanjem doze hormona rasta (rbGH). Visoka doza hormona rasta smanjila je težinu jetre (P < 0,05) u usporedbi s kontrolom s istodobnim smanjenjem hepatosomatskog indeksa (P < 0,05). Težina i postotak fileta bili su viši u životinja tretiranih dozom od 10 µg g -1 tjelesne težine u usporedbi s niskom dozom rbGH tretiranih riba (P < 0,05)

Effect of limited precision on the BFGS quasi-Newton algorithm

Some claim that updating approximate Hessian information via the BFGS formula with a Cholesky factorisation offers greater numerical stability than the more straightforward approach of performing the update directly. Others claim that no such advantage exists and that any such improvement is probably due to early implementations of the DFP formula in conjunction with low accuracy line searches. We find no discernible advantage in choosing factorised implementations (over non-factorised implementations) of BFGS methods when approximate Hessian information is available to full machine precision. However, the type of implementation may have significant effects when approximate Hessian information is only available to limited precision. Furthermore, a conjugate directions factorisation outperforms the other methods explored (including Cholesky factorisation)

Homeless population

The aim was to derive and analyze a model for numbers of homeless and non-homeless people in a borough, in particular to see how these figures might be affected by different policies regarding housing various categories of people. Most attention was focused on steady populations although the stability of these and possible timescales of dynamic problems were also discussed. The main outcome of this brief study is the identification of the key role played by the constant k_1 - the constant which fixes the speed at which the homeless are rehoused in permanent council property. Reducing this constant, i.e. making the system "fairer" with less priority to accommodating homeless families, appears to have little effect on the sizes of other categories on the waiting list but there is a marked increase in the number of households in temporary accommodation. The model, indicated by the size of its longest time-scale, should be modified to allow for births etc. It could be varied by allowing people to remove themselves from the register or by allowing the rates at which registered and unregistered people become homeless to differ, but these modifications are unlikely to substantially change the main result. The inclusion of movement from the homeless to the general population would have the effect of limiting the numbers in temporary accommodation. However, it is thought this effect is very small so a great reduction in k_1 would be needed for this flow to become significant

Paths to the light and dark sides of human nature : A meta-analysis of the prosocial benefits of autonomy and the antisocial costs of control

Self-determination theory (SDT) posits that experiences of autonomy lead people to be more prosocial, whereas experiences of control lead to antisocial actions. In this meta-analysis, we tested the links between autonomy and prosociality and control and antisociality, across 139 reports (167 studies) with 1,189 effect sizes (N = 75,546 participants). We used two-stage structural equation modeling including both correlational and longitudinal study designs. We found support for the hypothesized direct links between autonomy and prosociality and between control and antisociality, with cross-paths between these constructs being weaker. In line with SDT’s claims that the salutary effects of autonomy are universal, results also showed that the hypothesized links were consistent across cultures, genders, and age categories. We also reviewed emerging experimental research on the effect of autonomy-priming interventions on prosociality. To conclude, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings and lay out an agenda for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved

Complementary subicular pathways to the anterior thalamic nuclei and mammillary bodies in the rat and macaque monkey brain

The origins of the hippocampal (subicular) projections to the anterior thalamic nuclei and mammillary bodies were compared in rats and macaque monkeys using retrograde tracers. These projections form core components of the Papez circuit, which is vital for normal memory. The study revealed a complex pattern of subicular efferents, consistent with the presence of different, parallel information streams, whose segregation appears more marked in the rat brain. In both species, the cells projecting to the mammillary bodies and anterior thalamic nuclei showed laminar separation but also differed along other hippocampal axes. In the rat, these diencephalic inputs showed complementary topographies in the proximal–distal (columnar) plane, consistent with differential involvement in object-based (proximal subiculum) and context-based (distal subiculum) information. The medial mammillary inputs, which arose along the anterior–posterior extent of the rat subiculum, favoured the central subiculum (septal hippocampus) and the more proximal subiculum (temporal hippocampus). In contrast, anterior thalamic inputs were largely confined to the dorsal (i.e. septal and intermediate) subiculum, where projections to the anteromedial nucleus favoured the proximal subiculum while those to the anteroventral nucleus predominantly arose in the distal subiculum. In the macaque, the corresponding diencephalic inputs were again distinguished by anterior–posterior topographies, as subicular inputs to the medial mammillary bodies predominantly arose from the posterior hippocampus while subicular inputs to the anteromedial thalamic nucleus predominantly arose from the anterior hippocampus. Unlike the rat, there was no clear evidence of proximal–distal separation as all of these medial diencephalic projections preferentially arose from the more distal subiculum

The PRogram In Support of Moms (PRISM): study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial of two active interventions addressing perinatal depression in obstetric settings

BACKGROUND: Perinatal depression, the most common pregnancy complication, is associated with negative maternal-offspring outcomes. Despite existence of effective treatments, it is under-recognized and under-treated. Professional organizations recommend universal screening, yet multi-level barriers exist to ensuring effective diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Integrating mental health and obstetric care holds significant promise for addressing perinatal depression. The overall study goal is to compare the effectiveness of two active interventions: (1) the Massachusetts Child Psychiatry Access Program (MCPAP) for Moms, a state-wide, population-based program, and (2) the PRogram In Support of Moms (PRISM) which includes MCPAP for Moms plus a proactive, multifaceted, practice-level intervention with intensive implementation support. METHODS: This study is conducted in two phases: (1) a run-in phase which has been completed and involved practice and patient participant recruitment to demonstrate feasibility for the second phase, and (2) a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT), which is ongoing, and will compare two active interventions 1:1 with ten Ob/Gyn practices as the unit of randomization. In phase 1, rates of depressive symptoms and other demographic and clinical features among patients were examined to inform practice randomization. Patient participants to be recruited in phase 2 will be followed longitudinally until 13 months postpartum; they will have 3-5 total study visits depending on whether their initial recruitment and interview was at 4-24 or 32-40 weeks gestation, or 1-3 months postpartum. Sampling throughout pregnancy and postpartum will ensure participants with different depressive symptom onset times. Differences in depression symptomatology and treatment participation will be compared between patient participants by intervention arm. DISCUSSION: This manuscript describes the full two-phase study protocol. The study design is innovative because it combines effectiveness with implementation research designs and integrates critical components of participatory action research. Our approach assesses the feasibility, acceptance, efficacy, and sustainability of integrating a stepped-care approach to perinatal depression care into ambulatory obstetric settings; an approach that is flexible and can be tailored and adapted to fit unique workflows of real-world practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02760004, registered prospectively on May 3, 2016

Barry Unsworth's Morality Play: Narrative, detection, history

© 2016 Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Morality Play is a historical detective novel set in the late fourteenth century and published in 1995, at a time of flourishing for historical fiction in Britain. This article argues that the novel shares some of the features of contemporary British historical fiction (notably, a degree of self-referentiality and a concern with the relationship between reality and representation), but also retains more traditional historical novels' desire to show the fate of individuals caught at moments of historical change. Using White's reflections on forms of historical writing and an understanding of the history of detective fiction, the article brings this currently under-examined text to critical attention and, in so doing, contributes to current scholarly understanding of the so-called 'historical turn' in late-twentieth century British fiction